McINTOSH, Lachlan, American soldier: b. near Inverness, Scotland, 17 March 1725; d Savannah, Ga., 20 Feb. 1806. He came with his father to Georgia in 1736, received there an ordinary English education, became .a clerk in the mercantile establishment of Henry Laurens at Charleston, S. C., and was later employed as a land surveyor. At the opening of the Revolution he was made colonel of the 1st Georgia battalion, and became a brigadier-gen eral in 1776. In 1777 he fought a duel with But ton Gwinnett (q.v.), who was fatally wounded. In 1778 McIntosh was selected by Washington to lead a small force against the Western In dians, whom he subdued. In the siege of Savan nah, 1779, he bore an active part. When Charleston surrendered to Sir Henry Clinton 12 May 1780 McIntosh was taken prisoner, and he never resumed his command. He was a mem ber of the Continental Congress in 1784, and the next year as commissioner to the Indians he finished his public services.
MacINTOSH, William, a•half-breed Creek' chieftain, son of a Scottish trader: b. about 1780; d. 1 May 1825. In 1802 the United States undertook to extinguish the Indian titles to lands within the borders of Georgia and in 1805 millions of acres of Creek lands were trans ferred to Georgia. The Creeks *craning
alarmed at the prospect of being deprived of all their lands, on the motion of Macintosh, now a chief, made a law in general council in 1811 forbidding the sale of any of the remain ing land under penalty of death. Macintosh led the Creek allies of the Americans in the War of 1812 with the rank of major and took the chief part in the massacre of 200 hostile Creeks at Atasi on 29 Nov. 1813. He also took part in the battle at Horseshoe Bend, Ala., 27 March 1814. More lands were acquired by treaty in 1818 and in 1821 another treaty was negotiated by the Georgians with Macintosh, who was in the pay of the whites, and other chiefs controlled by him, while 36 chiefs re fused to sign and demanded a general council. In 1824 about 10,000,000 acres still remained in the hands of the Creeks and in that year they re-enacted the law punishing with death any Creek who ceded land. In 1825 the whites, with bribes, induced Macintosh and the chiefs under his control to sign a treaty ceding the remain ing Creek lands. The treaty was approved by President Adams, but the Creeks did not rise in rebellion; they passed formal sentence of death on Macintosh, which a party of warriors carried out.