MACLISE,
Daniel, English painter: b. Cork, 1806; d. Cheyne Walk, Chel sea, 25 April 1870. He became a student at the Royal Academy in 1828, and began to exhibit in 1829, but it was not until 1833 that he estab lished his reputation with his picture of 'Snap Apple Night.' Three years after he was elected an associate, and in 1840 he became a full mem ber of the Royal Academy. Maclise was com missioned to paint for the new Houses of Par liament. and produced 'The Spirit of Chivalry' ; 'The Spirit of Religion,' and the two great paintings of the
McLOUGHLIN, in5k-161c'lin, ohn, Cana dian pioneer and fur trader: b. Riviere du Loup, Lower Canada. 19 Oct. 1784; d. Oregon City, 3 Sent. 1857. He was educated in Canada and at Edinburgh Scotland, studied medicine and in early manhood returned to Canada, where he entered the Northwest Company and was placed in charge of Fort William, the chief depot of the company, situated at the mouth of the Kaministiquia River on Lake Superior. Upon the consolidation of the Northwestern and the Hudson Bay companies, in 1821, Dr. McLough lin was appointed chief factor of the company in the Oregon country. Arriving overland at Astoria in 1824 he founded Fort Vancouver, which, situated advantageously near the conflu ence of the Columbia and Willamette rivers, became the headquarters of the company beyond the Rockies. When Dr. McLoughlin established the fort the Indians were so hostile that it was unsafe for parties of less than 60 men to travel the Columbia River, but under his management of the company's affairs it became safe for two men to traverse the distance between Oregon City and Fort Hall. In the entire period of his administration, from 1824 to 1846, there were no Indian wars in the Oregon country, although they broke out in 1847, the year after his resig nation. He made Fort Vancouver a haven of
refuge to emigrants arriving after the perilous journey overland, furnishing goods and provi sions on credit and caring for their sick in direct opposition of the company's policy, which was to keep the land wild for the wild fur bearing animals. During McLoughlin's admin istration the Oregon country was in the condi tion of ioint occupancy by the United States and Great Britain. His courageous and human itarian method of dealing with the situation, recognizing the equal rights of the American settlers with those of the British Fur-trading Association, undoubtedly went far toward pre venting war between the British and American nations. However, the strictures upon his methods by Sir George Simpson, governor-in chief of the Hudson Bay Company, culminated in an order to render no further aid to immi grants, and McLoughlin resigned rather than obey, although it cost him his income of $12,000 a year. His resignation took effect in 1846, and he then retired to Oregon City where he had extensive and partially improved land claims. Litigation over his claims embittered his last years, hut after his death the land was restored to his heirs. He became an American citizen in 1848. The McLoughlin Institute was dedi cated to his memory at Oregon City in 1907, and he is generally known as the "Father of Oregon.'" Consult the 'Reports> of the Wash ington Historical Society, the Oregon Historical Society and the Oregon Pioneer Association; Dye, E. E.. 'McLoughlin and Old Oregon> (1900: 8th ed.. 1913); Holman, F. V., 'Dr. John McLoughlin. the Father of Oregon' (1907).
McLOUGHLIN, Maurice Evans, Amer ican tennis champion: b. Carson City, Nev. 1890. He won the championship of the Pacific Coast, played in the East in 1908-09 and in 1909 and 1911 he competed for the Davis cup in Aus tralia, but unsuccessfully. He won the national championship at Newport in 1912; and in 1913 was leader of the American team that captured the Davis cup from England. He was victor at Longwood and won the New York State championship in 1914. His defeat of Brookes and Wilding in singles made him world cham pion. Author of 'Tennis as I Play It (1915).
McLOUTH, Lawrence Amos, American educator and author: b. Ontonagon, Mich., 19 Jan. 1863. He was educated at the universities of Leipzig, Heidelberg and Munich. He was instructor in German at the University of Michigan in 1892-95; and since 1895 has been professor of Germanic language and literature at New York University. He has edited Ger man texts, is author of numerous articles on literature, philology and pedagogy, and of 'Verses' (1910).