Manitoba possesses, under the control of a Minister of Education, assisted by an Advisory Council, a comprehensive system of non-sectarian public education from the primary school to the provincial university, including among other progressive features compulsory education, consolidated schools, residences for teachers in 127 outlying dis tricts of the province, special school organiza tion under an official trustee for communities of °new Canadians," night schools and two well equipped technical high schools in Winnipeg, etc. The total annual expenditure upon public education (Report, 1917) was nearly $6,000,000, of which $1,072,816 was contributed directly by the provincial government. In the public school system in 1917 there were 106,588 pupils enrolled, with an average attendance of 64.93 per cent daily and of 135.05 days during the year. The average for Wisconsin during 1914 was 123.4 and for the United States 117.8). There were 3,024 teachers and 1,626 school buildings. Of these more than 100 were secon dary, high or collegiate schools.
The University of Manitoba is under the management and control of a board of governors consisting of nine members appointed by the provincial government, three each year for periods of three years. The university
gives instruction and grants degrees in arts, science, agriculture, engineering (civil and electrical), medicine, pharmacy, law, architec ture and home economics. Well-equipped agri cultural and medical colleges are in affiliation with the university, together with four affiliated denominational colleges (Anglican, Roman Catholic, Presbyterian and Methodist) with representatives (two each) upon an academic council of 28 members. A Baptist college at Brandon is not affiliated with the provincial in stitution. At the outbreak of the war there were 917 students registered for instruction at the university.
Bibliography.— Documentary authorities cSelkirk Papers' (manuscripts), (Dominion Archives, Ottawa) ; 'Papers Relating to the Red River Settlement' (1819) ; 'Report of Select Committee' (1857) ; 'Recent Disturbances' (1870) ; 'The Canadian North-West,' ed. Oliver (Dominion Archives, 1915). Consult also `Canada and Its Provinces' (Vol. XIX and XX) ; Ross, 'Red River Settlement' (1856); Hargrave; 'Red River' ; Martin, Chester, (Sel kirk's Work in Canada' • Begg, 'History of the North-West' • Bryce, Schofield, 'Story of