MANN, Heinrich, German novelist, brother of Thomas Mann (q.v.): b. Lubeck, 27 March 1871. He attended the Katharineum School in his native city and then entered business. In 1893 he moved to Munich, later changing his abode to Berlin, with frequent sojourns in Italy, particularly Florence. His permanent home he finally fixed at Munich. Like his brother Thomas, Heinrich is a reserved, unsoci able character, who has developed a feeling al most of hostility for the types of German life with which he is surrounded. His mother was partly of creole origin, and this circumstance is taken by some German critics (e.g., Kurt i Martens in his essay in 'Literatur in land,' 1910) as explaining Heinrich's tion for the life and literature of the Romance countries as opposed to those of the Germanic. countries. His first works were volumes of short stories: 'Das Wunderbare' (1897) ; (Ein Verbrechen und andere Geschichten> (1898). Next came novels: 'In einer Familie' (1898) ; 'Im Schlaraffenland' (1901) ; 'Die Gottinnen, oder die drei Romane der Herzogin von Assy> (3 vols., 19032-03) ; 'Die Jagd nach Liebe' (1904). 'Die Gottinnen' represents an ideal of womanhood in three different phases (Diana, Minerva, Venus) and is a brilliantly structed hymn of joy in the Romance style. Again he turns to the short story: 'Floten und Dolche' (1905) 'Professor Unrat> (1905) ; 'Fine Freundschaft' (1906). 'Zwischen den Rassen> the Races,' 1908) is a novel dealing with the affection of a young girl, Lola Gabriel, for a German and an Italian, who are supposed to incorporate the virtues of their respective races. It has met with great larity, but the attempt to capitalize racial acteristics in this way is too great a task for all but the greatest men. Heinrich Mann has also tried his hand at the drama, in 'Die spielerin (1911), but with no particular success. JACOB WITTMER MANN, Horace, American educationist : b. Franklin, Mass., 4 May 1796; d. Yellow Springs, Ohio, 2 Aug. 1859. He was graduated from Brown University in 1819, studied law at the Litchfield (Conn.) Law School and in offices at Dedham, Mass., in 1823 was admitted to the bar, and practised at Dedham from 1827 to 1833, when he removed to Boston. In 1827-33 he was a representative in the State legislature, in 1833-37 State senator and in 1836-37 presi dent of the senate. From the first he iden
tified himself with philanthropic interests. His first speech in the assembly was on religious liberty; and one of his enterprises was the establishment of the State lunatic hospital at Worcester (1833), in connection with which he was chairman of the board of commissioners and later of the board of trustees. In 1837, upon the appointment by the State of a board of education to revise and reorganize the Massa chusetts common-school system, Mann became secetary to the board (19 June). He withdrew from politics and from a lucrative practice at the bar, and devoted himself entirely to a work which proved of the greatest significance not for Massachusetts only but for the entire United States. This work he accomplished largely in spite of opposition often pronounced. For the reform of State education he founded and edited the monthly Common-School Journal, held teachers' conventions, published 12 most valuable annual reports and established normal schools. In 1843 at his own expense he visited Europe for the study of Continental methods. He was successful in arousing throughout the country an unprecedented interest in educational affairs. In 1848 he was elected to Congress to succeed John Quincy Adams, deceased; and he served until March 1853. He was strongly op posed to slavery, and fearlessly attacked Web ster's course. On 15 Sept. 1852, he declined the nomination for the governorship of Massa chusetts, and on the same day accepted the presidency of Antioch College, Yellow Springs, Ohio, in which post he served until his death, greatly influencing the educational development of Ohio. He was a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. In addition to his annual reports he published 'Reply to 31 Boston Schoolmasters) (1844); 'Report of Educational Tour) (1846) ; 'A Few Thoughts for a Young (1850); 'Slavery: Letters and Speeches) (1852); 'Lectures on Intemper ance) (1852) ; 'Powers and Duties of Woman) (1853); and (1861). Consult the 'Life) by Mary P. Mann (1865) ; and Boone, 'Education in the United States' (1890); 'Re port' (United States Commission of Educa tion, 1895-96) ; Hubbell, G. A., 'Life of Horace Mann' (1910).