MARKIEWICZ, Countess, Irish artist and revolutionist: b. Lissadel, Sligo, Ireland, about 1876. A daughter of the late Sir Henry Gore-Booth, closely connected with a number of English titled families, she has been de scribed by the Dublin bourgeoisie as the stormy petrel of Dublin life. Her husband, a Pole, was employed in the Russian consular service, and both had been prominent figures in the social life of Dublin. Before the countess be came involved with the Sinn Fein party she had made a name both as an artist and an act ress, and she had frequently acted in her hus band's plays at the Abbey Theatre. As a young girl the countess, then Miss Constance Gore Booth, was presented at court and spent several seasons in London, after which she went to Paris as an art student. She came into promi nence during the election in Northwest Man chester in 1908 as an opponent of Mr. Church ill. The Licensing Bill was then the issue and she went to Manchester to plead the cause of the barmaids. Her sister, Miss Eva Gore Booth (q.v.), a leading English suffragette, was then the secretary of the Barmaids' Political Defence League. In 1911 the countess was charged in Dublin with assaulting a policeman at the breaking-up of a Socialist meeting. Dur ing the labor troubles in Dublin in 1912 she came into conflict with the police on several oc casions. On the memorable Sunday at the end of August 1912 when Larkin's dramatic arrest was the prelude to wild disorder in O'Connell street, she and her husband came upon the i scene when the excitement was at its height, and as Larkin was being escorted to the police station by a body of police with drawn batons. The countess stood up on the car she was driv ing and led the cheers of the mob for the cap tured labor leader. For many months after ward, when a large section of the Dublin work ing classes was in dire poverty caused by the protracted strikes, the countess was a constant attendant at Liberty Hall, the headquarters of the Transport Workers' Union. Here she was
engaged in preparing and distributing meals to the impoverished wives and families of the strikers. A few weeks before the abortive revo lution in April 1916 her house was raided by the police, who found a printing plant there and many documents. At the outbreak of the revolt she apparently accompanied the party who captured Saint Stephen's Green, and when the troops got the upper hand she retired with her detachment into the Royal College of Sur geons, one of the principal buildings on the green. Eventually she hoisted the ((white flag' and intimated that she would surrender at noon. At the appointed hour the countess marched out of the college, followed by 120 rebels walk ing two abreast. She was dressed entirely in green, with green tunic, green hat with green feather, green putties and green shoes. She marched to where the opposing force was wait ing and, going to the officer in command, sa luted, kissed her revolver and handed it over with her bandolier, and announced that she was ready. The men were disarmed and marched off under armed escort to the castle. For com plicity in the uprising the countess was sen tenced to death by a court-martial, the sen tence being afterward commuted to imprison ment for life. She was liberated with the other Irish prisoners in June 1917. She continued her activity in the Sinn Fein party, however, and at the general elections held in December 1918 was returned member of Parliament for a Dublin constituency, being the first member of her sex to be sent to Westminster and the only successful woman candidate. See under IRE LAND — REVOLUTION.
an East Indian tree (Semecarpus anacardium) of the cashew family, having a fruit the receptacle of which is roasted and eaten. The black juice of the unripe fruit serves with quicklime to make an indelible marking-ink.