McCULLOCH, ma-1611'6h, Hugh, Amer ican financier: b. Kennebunk. Me., 7 Dec. 1808; d. near Washington, D. C., 24 May 1895. He was educated at Bowdoin College and went in 1833 to Fort Wayne, Ind., where he estab. lished a law practice which he continued until 1835 when he entered a branch of the State Bank of Indiana. He was chosen director in 1836 and in 1857 became president of the newly incorporated State Bank of Indiana. He was appointed Comptroller of the Currency in 1863 and in 1865 became Secretary of the Treasury under President Lincoln. Owing to the enor mous expenses incurred by the Civil War, the finances of the country were in a critical condi tion; in six months the large sum due 500,000 soldiers and sailors was paid together with other heavy expenses, and a reduction of the national debt was begun. McCulloch con verted more than $1,000,000,000 of short-time obligations into a funded debt, and in less than two years had succeeded in putting the finances of the country on a sound basis. Congress ap proved his course and his plan for a speedy re sumption of specie payment, but he met with opposition in his purpose to retire the legal tender notes. He occupied the office until 1869 and in 1871 opened a banking business in Lon don where he remained until 1878. He was re appointed to the Secretaryship of the Treasury by President Arthur in 1884 and continued in office until the close of the administration. He wrote 'Men and Measures of Half a Century,' and many of his speeches together with a large share of his correspondence have been pub lished. He was the last living member of Lin coln's distinguished cabinet.
McCULLOCH, John Ramsay, English political economist: b. Whithorn, Wigtown shire, 1 March 1789; d. London, England, 11 Nov. 1864. He was educated at Edinburgh; became editor of The Scotsman, an Edin burgh newspaper, 1818-20, and from 1818 wrote many articles for the Edinburgh Review. He was professor of political economy in London University, 1828-32, and in 1838 was appointed comptroller of the stationery office. Among his many books may be mentioned 'The Prin ciples of Political Economy' (1825) ; 'His torical Sketch of the Bank of England) (1831); 'Dictionary of Commerce) (1832) ; 'Geographi cal Dictionary) (1841); Treatise on the Principles and Practical Influence of Taxation and the Funding System' (1845) • 'The Litera ture of Political Economy> (1845), etc. He was one of the earliest advocates of free-trade in Great Britain.
MacCULLOUGH, mk1ciiroic, John Ed ward, American tragedian: b, Coleraine, Ire land, 2 Nov. 1837; d. Philadelphia, 8 Nov. 1885. He came to the United States in 1853, studied for the stage and made his debut in Philadelphia, 1857. He played with Edwin Forrest, who left him at his death all his manu script plays. In 1869 he managed, with Law rence Barrett, the Bush Street Theatre in San Francisco, Cal. His appearance in England in 1881 was not successful, but his popularity in America remained unbroken. Despite his lack of literary education, a serious handicap, he won high rank in his profession. He played De Mauprat to Edwin Booth's Richelieu, and Richmond to his Richard III. His interpreta
tion of Virginius was unexcelled during his day. Among his leading roles were Hamlet, Macduff, Richelieu, Spartacus, etc. In 1884, at the height of his brilliant career, he suddenly collapsed, both physically and mentally; he died a year later in an insane asylum in Philadelphia. Consult Clark, 'John McCullough as Man, Actor, and Spirit) (Boston 1SO5).
McCULLOUGH, John Griffith, American politician: b. Welsh Tract, near Newark, Del., 16 Sept. 1835; d. 29 May 1915. He was grad uated from Delaware College in 1855 and from the law department of the University of Penn sylvania in 1858. He removed to California in 1859, engaged in law practice in Mariposa County, was elected to the State legislature in 1861, to the senate in 1862 and in 1863-67 was attorney-general. In 1867-73 he practised law in San Francisco and then removed to Benning ton, Vt., where he became director andpresident of several railway systems and prominently con nected with various banking and commercial enterprises. He was elected to the Vermont senate in 1898 and in 1902 was elected governor of the State.
McCUMBER, mlilm'ber, Porter James, American legislator: b. Crete, Will County, Ill., 3 Feb. 1858. He was graduated at the Uni versity of Michigan in 1880 and engaged in the practice of law. He has been senior mem ber of the law firm of McCumber and Bogart at Wahpeton, N. Dak., since 1881. He served in the Territorial house of representatives in 1885-89; was state's attorney, Richland County, in 1896-97; and in 1899 took his seat in the United States Senate where he was re-elected three times, his present term expiring in 1923.
MacCUNN, ma-kfin', Hamish, Scottish composer: b. Greenock, Scotland, 22 March 1868. He was educated in Greenock and at the Royal College of Music, London, made his debut in the musical world in 1887, and in became a junior professor of harmony in the Royal Academy of Music, which positibn he resigned in 1894. As a composer he has at tained high rank; his productions are rich in melody, and his command of the orchestra is remarkable. His work is typically Scottish in character and in choice of subject. Among the more important of his numerous works are overtures, etc., 'The Land of the Mountain and the Flood' ; 'Chior Mhor' • 'The Dowie Dens o' Yarrow' ; 'The Ship o' the Fiend' ; dramatic cantatas, 'Lord Ullin's Daughter' ; 'Bonny Kilmeny); 'Lay of the Last Minstrel,' and the operas, 'Jeannie and 'Diartnid.) MacCURDY, George Grant, American anthropologist: b. Warrensburg, Mo., 17 April 1863. He was graduated at the State Normal School at Warrensburg in 1887, at Harvard in 1893 and subsequently studied at the univer sities of Vienna, Paris and Berlin. He was instructor in anthropology at Yale in 1898-1900, and was later lecturer and curator of anthropo logical collections there, becoming assistant pro fessor of prehistoric archeology in 1910. Author of 'The Eolithic Problem) (1905) ; 'Antiquity of Man in Europe' (1910) • . 'A Study of Chirftquian Antiquities) (1911).