Menant
Menant, Joachim, French Assyriologist And Jurist: B. Cherbourg, 16 April 1820; D. Paris, 30 Aug. 1899. Having Studied Law He Was Appointed To The Magistracy Of The Civic Tribunal In The City Of Havre, But Soon Turned His Attention To Deciphering The Old Assyrian In Scriptions, For Which He Was ...
Mencius
Mencius, Merishi-us, The Latinized Name Of Meng-tse, That Is, Meng The Teacher, A Chi Nese Philosopher And Recluse: B. Province Of Shan-tung, About 372 N.c.; D. There, About 289 He Was Educated By His Mother With Such Success That The Approbation Contained In The Phrase Mother Of Has Become Pro ...
Mendel
Mendel, Johann Gregory, Abbot Of Brfinn, Now Known As The Discoverer Of The Law Named After Him (see Heredity) : B. Hein Zendorf Bei Ad,rau, Austrian Silesia, 22 July 1822, Of Peasant Parents; D. 6 Jan. 1884. In 1843 He Entered The Koniginkloster, An Augus Tinian Foundation In Altbriinn, As ...
Mendels Law
Mendel's Law, The Law Of Heredity Dis Covered By Johann Gregor Mendel (q.v.) And First Published In 1865 Under The Title Versuche Fiber Pflanzenhydriden° In The Proceedings Of The Society Of Natural History Of Briinn, Aus Tria. Mendel Made Prolonged Experiments In Crossing Varieties Of The Pea (pisum Sativum). His ...
Mendelssohn
Mendelssohn, Me'redels-son, Moses, German Jewish Philosopher: B. Dessau, Ger Many, 6 Sept. 1729; D. Berlin, 4 Jan. 1786. His Father, Mendel, A Schoolmaster, Though Very Poor, Gave Him A Careful Education. He Lived Several Years On The Charity Of Persons Of His Own Religion, Devoting His Time To Study, Chiefly ...
Mendelssohn Bartholdy
Mendelssohn-bartholdy, Jakob Ludwig Felix, German Composer: B. Hamburg, 5 Feb. 1809; D. Leipzig, 4 Nov. 1847. The Kindly Influences Which, Like A Halo, Encircled The Life Of The Illustrious Man, Are Reflected In Many Of His Best Compositions. He Was Born In Prosperity, Reared In Plenty And At Nearly All ...
Mendicancy
Mendicancy, A Condition Of Penmen: Pauperism, Where Professional Beggars Are St Numerous That Government Laws Are Necessao, To Remove Or Control Them. A Population O: Mendicants Naturally Results In A Criminal Com Munity And All Countries Containing This Ek Meat Have Endeavored To Remove This Evil Ty Legislation. There Were ...
Mengs
Mengs, Anton Raphael, German Painter: B. Aussig, Bohemia, 12 March 1728; D. Rome, 29 June 1779. In Early Childhood His Father, Ismail Mengs, A Miniature Painter Of Little Tal Ent, Who Was Settled At Dresden, Took Him In Hand To Make A Painter Of Him, And In 1741 Carried Him ...
Menhaden
Menhaden, A Species Of Fish (brevoortia Tyrannus) Of The Herring Family .(clupeitkr), Appearing In Vast Schools Along The Atlantic Coast Of America. Owing To The Large Number Of Local Names Applied To This Species Much Con Fusion Concerning Its Identity, And Distribution Exists In The Minds Of Fishermen And Others. ...
Meningitis
Meningitis,, The Brain Is Enveloped By Three Membranes Called The Meninges. Next To The Skull Comes The Dura Mater, Then The Arachnoid And Innermost Is The Pia Mater. These Three Membranes Are Prolonged From The Brain In Three Envelopes Of The Spinal Cord_ Meningitis Is An Inflammation Of The Meninges ...
Menno Simons
Menno Simons, Dutch Religious Former: B. Witmarsum, Friesland, 1492; D Oldesloe, Holstein, 19 Jan. 1559. He Was Or Dained Priest In The Roman Catholic Cburch And Took Pastoral Work In The Village Of Pingium (1524), And From A Study Of The Nev Testament, Undertaken (1530) To Solve Hi Doubts About ...
Mennonites
Mennonites, A Body Consisting Of A Dozen Or More Brandies Of Followers Of Mcnno Simons, Akin To Baptists In Faith And Practice: Menno Simons (1492-1559),.a Holland Ana Baptist, Was Not The Founder Of The Body That Bears His Name, But Was A Convert To It Several Years After It Began, ...
Menstruation
Menstruation, The Periodical Dis Charge Of The Menses Or Bloody Fluid From The Female Generative Organs. In Women It Nor, Mally Occurs At Intervals Of One Lunar Month, Or 13 Times A Year (hence The Use Of The Term Menses, Latin Plural Of Menses, Month). Its First Appearance Marks The ...
Mensural Music
Mensural Music. Mensunl 0' Measured Music Is A Term Applied To A Historica: Style Of Composition In Which The Tones Hors Exact Relations To Each Other In Regard To Length Or Time. Such A Designation And The Occasion For It May Appear Strange, As Precise Rhythm Seems To Belong To ...
Mensuration
Mensuration. Mensuration Is That Branch Of Applied Mathematics Which Treats Of The Metrical Relations Of Geometric Figures, In Particular Of The Length Of Lines, The Magnitude Of Plane And Solid Angles, The Area Of Surfaces And The Volume Of Solids. The Term Is Used Both For The Act And For ...
Mental Diseases
Mental Diseases. These Are Dis Eases Which Show Themselves In Alteration Of Conduct Or Behavior. They Are Faulty Adjust Ments Within The Individual Which, Due To Faulty Mental Functioning, Interfere With Social Value Mutually Agreed Upon By. Particular Group. Large Or Small. Such Faulty Mental Functioning May Be Brought About ...
Mental Hygiene
Mental Hygiene. Hygiene Has Ally Been Conceived Of As A System Of Measures For The Creation Of Conditions Without For The Maintenance Of The Bodily Health. Mental Hygiene Is An Effort To Create Favorable Comb Tions Within Which Will Make For Mental Healtk Whereas Hygiene Heretofore Has Dealt Wit!. External ...
Mental Tests
Mental Tests. In The Early Eighties The Experimental Method Was Developed In The Study Of Mental Life Through The Establishment Of Various Psychological Laboratories. Certain Aspects Of This Work, Though Not Originally Aimed At Any Practical Application, Did Attract The Attention Of Those Interested In Abnormal Minds, The Psychiatrists, And ...
Menzel
Menzel, Mentzel, Adolf Friedrich Erd Mann Von, German Artist: H. Breslau, 8 Dec. 1815; D. Berlin, 9 Feb. 1905. In 1830 His Parents Settled In Berlin, Where His Father Had A Litho Graphic Studio, And Where The Son Studied A Little In The Academy And More By Himself. At 18 ...
Mer Ida
Mer Ida, Mexico, The Capital City Of "yu :atan. The City Was Founded In 1542 And Is Situated On A Plain. There Are Railway Con Iections With All Important Points In The In Erior And Several Lines Of Steamers Ply Be Ween Its Port, Progreso, 25 Miles Distant, And Vera ...
Mercantile Agency
Mercantile Agency, A Business Enterprise, Usually An Incorporated Company, Which Agrees To Furnish Subscribers Who Pay A Yearly Fee, With Information As To The Business Responsibility, Financial Standing And Credit Rat Ing Of Business Houses, Whether Conducted By Private Individuals, Firms Or Corporations. They Also Sometimes Have A Department For ...
Mercaptans
Mercaptans (latin, Staking Up Cury') Or Thio-alcohols, Iri Cherniim A Large Class Of Substances Having The Snit Constitution As The Alcohols, But Differing Froze Them By Having The Oxygen Atom In The By Droxyl Replaced By Sulphur. They Are Oily Liquids Or Crystalline Solids Having An Offensive, Flic-like Odor, And ...
Mercer
Mercer, Inieser, Henry Chapman, American Anthropologist : B. Doylestown, Pa., 24 June 1856. He Was Graduated From Harvard In 1879; Was Curator From 1894 To 1897 Of American And Prehistoric Archeology At The University Of Pennsylvania; Honorary Member Of The United States Archeological Commis Sion, Madrid, 1893. He Was Editor ...
Mercer University
Mercer University, Macon, Ga., Is An Institution Having Its Genesis At A Meeting Of The Baptist Associations Of Georgia, At Powelton, 27 June 1822, Held To Discuss, Among Other Matters, The Question Of Ministerial Edu Cation. In 1827. At A Similar Meeting, Held In Washington, Ga., The Project Was Further ...
Merchant Marine Of The
Merchant Marine Of The United States. The Merchant Marine Of The United States— That Is To Say, The Ship Ping On Ocean, Lake And River Engaged In The Carrying Of Merchandise, Mail And Passengers — Is The Second Largest Shipping In The World, Only The Fleet Of Great Britain Exceeding ...
Merchant Vessels
Merchant Vessels, Transfer Of From Belligerent To Neutral Flags. On Ac Count Of The Liability Of Enemy Merchant Ves Sels To Capture, Their Owners Frequently At The Outbreak Of War Or When War Becomes Immi Nent Between Their Own Country And A Foreign Power Seek To Withdraw Them From The ...
Merchant Of Venice
Merchant Of Venice, The. The Merchant Of Venice,' Entered In The Stationer's Register In 1598, And Published In Quarto Form In 1600, Was Written About 1594 Or 1595. Several Stories That Had Long Had Currency In The World—notably The Story Of The Caskets As A Device For The Choice Of ...
Mercier
Mercier, Desire Joseph, Belgian Car Nal, Archbishop Of Malines And Primate Belgium: B. 21 Nov. 1851 At Braine-l'aile Province Of Brabant Educated At Lout: Paris And Leipzig, He Was Ordained Priest 1874 And Became Professor Of Philosophy The University Of Louvain. Here He Oripsizea The Institute Superieure De Philosophie, Based ...
Mercier_2
Mercier, Honore, Canadian Lawyer, Journalist And Politician: B. Iberville, Quebec, 15 Oct. 1840; D. Montreal, 30 Oct. 1894. He Was Educated At Saint Mary's (jesuit) College In Montreal And Afterward Studied Law At Saint Hyacinthe, Being Admitted To The Bar In 1865. During His Legal Studies (1862-64) He Was Editor ...
Mercury
Mercury, The Planet Of The Solar Sys Tem Which Is Nearest To The Sun. Owing To The Position Of Its Orbit, Far Inside Of That Of The Earth, It Is Never Seen By Us At Any Great Dis Tance From The Sun, But Seems To Swing Back And Forth, First ...
Meredith
Meredith, George, English Poet Am Novelist: B. Hampshire, 12 Feb. 1828; D. Lon Don, 18 May 1909. Details Of Meredith's Hie Are Meagre; Little Is Known Of His Parentage Cr Of His Education Except That He Was Sem School In Germany And Later Studied Law. Vatic He Gave Up For ...
Meridian
Meridian, Miss., City, Cotmty-seat Of Lauderdale County, On Alabama And Vicksburg, Alabama Great Southern, Meridian And Mem Phis, Mobile And Ohio, New Orleans And Northeastern And Southern Railroads. It Is The Largest City In Mississippi In Population, Manu Ufactures And Commerce, Surrounded By Fertile Farm Land Of Which Cotton And ...
Meridian Circle
Meridian Circle, In Astronomy, An Instrument Used In Observatories To Combine The Functions Of A Transit Instrument And Of The Old Mural Circle. It Has A Telescope Mounted To Turn In A Circle, Always In The Plane Of A Merid Ian. Of Course The Axis Must Be Accurately Laid East ...
Meridian_2
Meridian (miss.), Expedition To. In January 1864 General Sherman Concentrated Two Divisions Of 10,000 Each At Vicksburg Under Generals Mcpherson And Hurlbut, And 3 Feb Ruary Marched Eastward With The Purpose Of Destroying Meridian, 150 Miles Distant, As A Rail Road Centre, And Possibly Penetrating To Selma, Ala., Or, If ...
Meridian_3
Meridian, One Of The Imaginary Nr:i And South Lines On The Surface Of The Earth May Be Conceived Of As Passing Through Tcd Poles And Serving To Indicate The Longitude Places, And With A Parallel Of Latitude Ma Their Exact Position. If One Conceive The Are Sliced Into On One ...
Meriwether
Meriwether, Lee, American Law Per, Social Reformer And Author; B. Columbus, Miss., 25 Dec. 1862. Having Obtained A Second Ary Education At Memphis, Tenn., He There Pub Lished The Free Trader With A Brother, Avery, In 1881-83, And In 1885-86 Toured Europe Afoot From Gibraltar To The Bosporus For Study ...
Merlin
Merlin, Merlin, A Semi-legendary Brit Ish Prophet And Magician, Supposed To Have Flourished Toward The End Of The 5th Century. The Accounts Of Him Are Hopelessly Mixed With Fiction. He Was Said To Be The Son Of A Demon And The Daughter Of A British Prince, And Was Brought Up ...
Mermaid
Mermaid, A Mythical Being Living Witbiz And Under The Sea, Having The Form Of A Woman Above The Waist And That Of A Fish Below Il They Are Usually Described As Having Great Per Sonal Charms, And As Using These For The Pur Pose Of Luring Imaginative And Amorous Men ...
Merope
Merope, The Title Of An Italian Tragedy In Blank Verse By The Marquis Francisco Scip Ione Maffei (1675-1755), First Performed At Modena In 1713. Appearing Just After The Dreary Period Of 17th Century Stagnation In Italian Letters, It Obtained A European Reputa Tion. More Than 60 Editions Were Published And ...
Merry Del Val
Merry Del Val, Rafael, Cardinal Of The Roman Catholic Church: B. London, 10 Oct. 1865. His Father, Don Marquis Merry Del Val, Was Partly Of Irish Ancestry, Being Descended From The Irish Family Merry Established In Spain; And His Mother, Daughter Of Don Pedro Jose De Zulueta, Count De Torre ...
Merry Wives Of Windsor
Merry Wives Of Windsor, The, Shakespeare's Greatest Prose Play. It Contains Only About 15 Per Cent Of Verse Lines, And In The Spirit Of Its Scenes Is Equally Subdued, Save For A Flash Of The Old Fire In The Fairy Poetry At The Dose. Dennis And Rowe Report A Story, ...
Merv
Merv, Mere (sometimes Written Meru), Russia, An Oasis In Central Asia, In The South Of Western Turkestan, And About 120 Miles North Of The Frontier Of Afghanistan, Now Tra Versed By The Railroad From The Caspian To Samarkand. It Has An Area Of 1,900 Square Miles, And Is Crossed By ...
Mesa Verde National Park
Mesa Verde National Park, Colo., A Reservation Of 48,966 Acres In Monte Zuma County, Southwestern Colorado. Within Its Area, In Canyons Of The Mancos River, Are The Most Remarkable Of The Many Ruins Of Pre Historic Cliff Dwellings In The Southwestern United States. The Mesa Verde (sp. Table So Named ...
Mescal
Mescal, A Fiery Liquor Produced In Mexico From Several Species Of Agave (q.v.). The Most Famous Liquor, However, Is Made From The *hearts)" Of The Species Agave Teguileana. The City Of Tequila, In The State Of Jalisco, Is The Centre Of This Particular Industry. The Tequila Agave Resembles In The ...
Mesmer
Mesmer, Friedrich (or Franz) Anton, Fred'ric An'ton German Physician: B. Itzmang, Near Constance, Baden, 23 May 1733; D. Meersburg, Baden. 5 March 1815 Er Was Educated In Medicine By Van Swieten De Haen Of The University Of Vienna. Raa?:, Some Study Of Astrology, Came To Believe It Influence Of The ...
Mesopotamia
Mesopotamia, From Greek Mesos, Middle, And Polanths,.river: A Geographical Term Applied To The Lying Between The Euphrates And Tigris In Western Asia. The Arabs Call Those Rivers El-frat And Shatt Respectively; The Latter Is Also Called Ed-dijleh In Its Lower Course. The Boundaries Of This Region (which Forms No Single ...
Mesozoic Era
Mesozoic Era, In Geology, The Mid Period Of Life In Geologic Time, Also Called The Secondary Period. Paleozoic Precedes And Cen Ozoic Follows This Era, These Two Terms Refer Ring Respectively To "older" And "newer," Or "earlier" And "later," Forms Of Prehistoric Life. The Subdivisions Of The Mesozoic Are The ...
Messenia
Messenia, Me'se Nl-a, Greece, A Nom Archy In The Western Part Of Morca Pelopon Nesus), Bounded On The North By Eli S; And 'achaia And Arcadia, On The East. By Arcadia And Laconia, On The South And West By The Ionian Sea. The Greater Part Of The Surface Is A ...
Messiah
Messiah, The (
Messiah
Messiah, The, Is A Term Which Is, In John I, 41, And, In John Iv, 25, But Without The Article, Applied To Jesus Of Nazareth, As The Ap Pointed King Of The Kingdom Of God. The Greek Word Which Is The Translation Of The Aramaic Term Meaning Messiah, Namely, Xer076c, ...
Messina
Messina, Mes-senii, Sicily, Town And Sea Port, Capital Of The Province And On The Strait Of The Same Name. Messina Is Walled, Flanked By Bastions And Defended By A Citadel On The South And Several Forts Both On The East And West. The Harbor Is One Of The Best In ...
Messmer
'messmer; Sebastian Gebhard, Cadx:a. Archbishop Of Milwaukee: B. Goldadi, Carlini Saint Gall, Switzerland, 29 Aug. 1847. Havine Passed The Eight Grades Of The Common Of His Home Village, He Spent Three Years At The High School In The Neighboring Town C.: Rorschach On The Lake Of Constance. In I. He ...
Metabolism
Metabolism (greek Perafloa4 A Change), The Whole Series Of Physico-chemical Pro Cesses Connected With The Manufacture Of Protoplasm And With Nutrition And Growth. Under The Term Is Included All Those Changes By Which Various Energy Transformations Are Made Possible In The Human Body. It Has Been Divided Into Constructive Metabolism ...
Metal Work
Metal Work, Any Work Done In Metals, But Especially Handwork Practised As A Decora Tive Art, In Which The Materials Are Metal And The Designs Are Executed In Repousse Or Relief. This May Be Accomplished Either By Carving Or Expert Hammering As Of Thin Sheet Metal. The Term Includes Jewelry ...
Metal Working Machinery
Metal Working Machinery, A Term Including Practically All Machines By Which Metals Are Converted Into Shapes Required By Modern Structural Work And The Industrial Trades. They May Be Conveniently Arranged Under The Following Named Classes: Lathes; Borers Or Drills; Punches; Shears; Milling Machines; Grinders; Riveters; Drop Hammers; Bending Rolls; Rolling ...
Metallurgy
Metallurgy, The Extraction Of Metals From Their Ores And So Refining And Fashioning Them As To Fit Them For Use In The Metal Indus Tries, Is The Most Ancient Of Arts. The Annals Of History Show That The Degree Of Civilization Attained By A Race Was Directly Proportional To The ...
Metals
Metals. The Elements Which Compose All Natural Objects Are Divided By Chemists Into Two Classes, Metals And Non-metals. Formerly The Classification Was Based On Physical Prop Erties, And The Metals Were Then Defined As Those Elements Which Were Opaque, Had A Metal Lic Lustre And Were Good Conductors Of Heat ...
Metamorphism
Metamorphism. When Rocks Of Either Igneous Or Sedimentary Origin Undergo Sufficient Change So That They Largely Develop New Minerals, And Become Other Types Of Rocks, They Are Said To Be Metamorphosed, And The Process Is Called Metamorphism. Such Changes May Be Brought About In Many Ways. One Of The Most ...
Metamorphoses
Metamorphoses. Ovid's 'meta Morphoses,' Or 'transformations,' Were Pub Lished In The Year 8 A.b., When The Poet Was 50 Years Old. They Were Finished Just Before The Issue Of The Imperial Order Which Consigned Ovid To Banishment At Tomi On The Black Sea For The Remaining Eight Years Of His ...
Metamorphosis In Animals
Metamorphosis In Animals, The Changes Which In Many Animals Take Place Be Tween The Time Of Birth And Maturity. The Causes Are Most Probably Changes Of Habitat, Of Seasons, Of Food And The Acceleration In Growth Resulting From The Approach Of Sexual Maturity. Familiar Examples Are The Change Of The ...
Metaphysics
Metaphysics (from Gr. Meta To 'ha Sika, °after Physics," Alluding To The Position Of Aristotle's Treatise On Metaphysics In His Works). Metaphysics And Epistemology (q.v.) Are The Twin Sciences Of The Nature Of Reality And Of Our Knowledge Thereof. Metaphysics Seeks For The Criteria Of Being, Epistemology For Those Of ...
Metastasio
Metastasio, Pietro, Pi-i'tre (properly Prarao Trapasst), Italian Poet: B. Rome, 13 Jan. 1698; D. 12 April 1782. His Poetical Talents Were Early Displayed In Im Provisations, And 3ften He Drew About Him A Crowd To Listen To Some Versified Narrative. The Jurist Gravina, Who Thus Accidentally Became Acquainted With His ...
Metchnikoff
Metchnikoff, Elie, Russian Bacteri Ologist: B. Kharkoff, Little Russia, 15 May 1845; D. Paris, France, 15july 1916. Following His Education At Kharkoff, Metchnikoff Studied At Giessen And Munich, And In 1870 He Was Ap Pointed Professor Of Zoology At Odessa. He Held This Post Until 1882, When He Resigned To ...
Meteorites
Meteorites, Also Called Aboute Meteors And Meteoric Stones, Are Bodies Enter The Earth's Atmosphere From Without Anc Being Intensely Heated By Impact With The Ar Are Partially Consumed Before Reaching Ground. If The Fall Occurs At Niflit Meteorite Is Seen As A Ball Of Fire Passing (we' The Heavens And ...
Meteorology
Meteorology, Perewpov+xemv Erally The Science Of The Things In The Air. Meteorology Has Come To Mean That Part Of Natural Philosophy That Treats Of The Physics Of The Air And The Mechanics Of Its Motions. It Includes Climate (q.v.) And Weather. The Dis Tinction In The Meaning Of The Two ...