AUGEREAU, Pierre Francois Charles, Duke of Castiglione, a marshal of France: b. Paris, 1757; d. 12 June 1816. He came of humble parentage, served for some time in the French carabineers and later joined the Neapolitan army. He remained in the lat ter service until 1787, when he became a fenc ing master at Naples. In 1792 he, with all other French residents, was banished from Naples and at once joined the French Revo lutionary army. He distinguished himself in 1794 as general of brigade in the army of the Pyrenees, and in 1796 as general of division in the army of Italy. He made himself master, 16 April, of the intrenched camp of the Pied montese at Ceva, afterward of that at Casale; threw himself on the bridge of Lodi, and car ried it with the enemy's intrenchments. 1 August he came to the assistance of Massina; maintained during a whole day a most obstinate struggle against a superior number of troops and took the village of Castiglione, from which he derived his ducal title. In the battle of Ar cole, when the French columns wavered. Augereau seized a standard, rushed upon the enemy and gained the victory. The directory bestowed this standard on him 29 Jan. 1797. In 1799 he was chosen a member of the Council of Five Hundred, and therefore resigned his command. He then obtained from the consul
Bonaparte the command of the army in Hol land. Being superseded in October 1801, he remained without employment till 1803, when he was appointed to lead the army collected at Bayonne against Portugal. When this enter prise failed he went back to Paris, and 19 May 1804 was named marshal of the empire, and grand officer of the Legion of Honor. In July of this year the King of Spain sent him the order of Charles III. He contributed to the successes which gave birth to the peace of Pressburg, and in March 1806, had possession of Wetzlar and the country around, until, in the autumn of this year, a new war called him to Prussia. Early in 1811 Napoleon gave him the command of a corps in the army of Spain. After the entrance of the allies into France, he made submission to Louis XVIII, who made him a peer. Napeoleon, on his landing in 1815, declared him a traitor. Augereau expressed himself in his favor, but took no active part in the new order. After the King's return he took his place again in the chamber of peers.