Austria Hungary
Austria-hungary, Diplomatic Re Lations. Austria, Declining In European, In Fluence And Pecuniary Esources At The Time Of The American Revolution, Had Little Trade At Tractions For The United States, Except Through The City Of Ostend. Her Answer To Arthur Lee And To William Lee Gave Evidence That She Would Probably ...
Authors League Of America
Authors' League Of America, The, Inc., Was Organized As A Protective Asso Ciation For All Persons Producing Copyrightable Material, Or In The Words Of The League Con Stitution Call Persons Actually Engaged In Lit Erary, Dramatic, Musical Or Artistic Composition.* It Is The Object Of The League To Supply Its ...
Autogenous Plumbing Ap Paratus
Autogenous Plumbing Ap Paratus. The Purpose Of This Apparatus Is To Provide, By Means Of The Reaction Between Oil Of Vitriol, Water And Zinc, A Supply Of Hydrogen Gas, And, After Mixing It With Air, To Burn The Mixture At The End Of A Blowpipe Nozzle, And, By Means Of ...
Autograph
Autograph, An Inscription Made By Hand, But Commonly Meaning The Signature Of I A Person In His Own Handwriting. Apparently There Is Nothing In Which One's Personality Is So Inherent As In His Handwriting, For The Law Recognizes The Fact That One Person Cannot Suc Cessfully Counterfeit Another's Autograph. This ...
Autointoxication
Autointoxication. This Term Signifies Poisoning From Substances Which Are Formed Within The Body. These Substances May Be The Normal Products Of Metabolism Which Are Normally Changed To Inert Or Harm Less Bodies In The Chemistry Of The Different Or Gans, Or Are Eliminated By The Proper Elimina Tive Organs, Or ...
Automobile
Automobile. A Vehicle Adapted For Performing Transportation Work Over Ordinary Roads By Means Of An Engine Forming A Struc Tural Part Of It, Or By Means Of A Source Of Power, Such As An Electric Storage Battery, In Stalled Within It. Synonymous Terms Are Motor Vehicle, Self-propelled Vehicle, Horseless Car ...
Automobile Engine
Automobile Engine. Historically And Mechanically The Automobile Engine Is De Rived From The Stationary And Marine Gasoline Engines Developed Before 1890. (see Inter Nal Combustion Engine; Gasoline Engine). These Were Either 4-cycle Or 2-cycle Engines, And Automobile Engines Were Developed On Both Plans, Though Very Unequally. Gottlieb Daim Ler And ...
Automobile Industry
Automobile Industry. Though Small And Of Doubtful Stability Until About The Year 1903, The Automobile Industry Has Not Only Grown To Be The First In Financial Magnitude Among All The Industries In The United States Which Turn Out Finished Products, And To A Simi Lar Position In The Leading European ...
Automobile Insurance
Automobile Insurance. A Con Tract Of Indemnity (1) Against Loss Or Expense By Reason Of The Liability Imposed By Law Upon Owners Or Users Of Automobiles, For Bodily Injuries, Including Death, Suffered By Any Per Son As The Result Of The Ownership, Maintenance Or Use Of Such Automobiles; (2) Against ...
Automobiles In War
Automobiles In War. Previous To The Breaking Out Of The European War In 1914 The Potential Value Of The Automobile In Mili Tary Operations Had Been Recognized By Army Men, And Its Use Had Been Tested In Manceuvres, Sometimes To The Complete Exclusion Of Horse Drawn Equipment. In England A ...
Average
Average, In Maritime Law, Is General, Particular Or Petty. General Average (also Called Gross) Consists Of Expense Purposely Incurred, Sacrifice Made Or Damage Sustained For The Common Safety Of The Vessel, Freight And Cargo, Or The Two Of Them, At Risk, And Is To Be Contributed For By The Several ...
Avicenna
Avicenna (aim `ali Al-husain Rim Abdallah Ibn Sam), Arabian Philosopher And Physician : B. Afskena, Near Bokhara, 980; D. Hamadan 1037. His Precocity Was Extraor Dinary, At Ten He Knew The Koran By Rote; Also Much Arabic Poetry. He Learned The Rudi Ments Of Medicine, Arithmetic And Geometry From Wandering ...
Avignon
Avignon, A've-nyon' (ancient Avenio), France, City, Capital Of The Department Vau Cluse, On The Left Bank Of The Rhone 30 Miles From The Mediterranean. It Consists Generally Of Large Antique Houses, In Narrow, Crooked, Dirty Streets. The Principal Objects Of Interest Are The Large And Very Ancient Cathedral; The Papal ...
Axayacatl
Axayacatl, Echa-ya-ka'fl, A Mexican Emperor: D. About 1477. He Was The Father Of Montezuma, Whom Cortez Conquered, And Reigned 14 Years. He Was Already Famous As A Warrior When He Became Emperor Of The Aztecs, And Inaugurated His Reign By A Suc Cessful Expedition Against Tehuantepec And In 1467 Conquered ...
Axel And Valborg
Axel And Valborg, A Tragedy In Five Acts By Oehlenschlager, Was Wntten In Paris In 1808 And Printed In Copenhagen In 1810, Latest English Translation By F. S. Kolle. The Story Is Taken From The Best Known Of The Danish Romantic Ballads. The Last Verse Oehlenschlager Used As A Motto: ...
Axiom
Axiom (an Assumption), A Universal Proposition, Which The Understanding Must Per Ceive To Be True As Soon As It Perceives The Meaning Of The Words, Though It Cannot Be Proved. It Is, Therefore, Called A Self-evident Truth. In Mathematics, Axioms Are Those Propo Sitions Which Are Assumed Without Proof, As ...
Axolotl
Axolotl, Ax'il-15f1 (mex., ((play In The Waterd), A Larval Salamander Regarded As Edible. They Are Numerous In The Lakes About The City Of Mexico, Are Six To 10 Inches Long, And Are Prepared By Either Roasting Or Boiling And Eaten With Vinegar Or Cayenne Pepper. The Most Extraordinary Thing About ...
Ayrshire
Ayrshire, Scotland, An Extensive Mar Itime County About 60 Miles In Length, With A Breadth Varying From 10 To 26 Miles. Its Coast Line Is About 75 Miles In Length, Has Several Excellent Harbors. The Singular Rock Off The Coast, Known By The Name Of Ailsa Craig, Be Longs To ...
Ayuntamiento
Ayuntamiento, A-yoon'ia-myan'to, The Name Given In Spain To Municipal Councils. Firmly Established During The Struggles With The Moors, The Ayuntamientos Acquired Great In Fluence And Political Power The Nobility Being Admitted To Them Without Their Class Privileges. The Cortes, In 1812, Adopted The Leading Features Of The Former System. On ...
Azalea
Azalea, A Genus Of About 25 Species Of Shrubs Of The Family Ericacece, Natives Of The Northern Hemisphere, Principally Of East Ern Asia And North America. By Some Botanists The Genus Is United With Rhododen Dron (q.v.), As May Be Seen Below. 'the Species Have Deciduous Leaves And Showy, Often ...
Azarias
Azarias, Brother (patrick Francis Mullany), B. 29 June 1847, Near Killenaule, Tipperary, Ireland; D. 20 Aug. 1893, Platts Burgh, N. Y. (cliff Haven). His Father Emigrated To The United States In 1851, Leav Ing Patrick, His Eldest Son, In Ireland A Few Years On Account Of His Health. At Deerfield, ...
Azoic
Azoic, A Name Formerly Given To The Earliest Geological Period, Before The Appear Ance Of Life On The Earth. It Includes The Oldest Rocks, Mostly Granites, Gneisses And Schists, In Which There Are No Traces Of Organic Remains. The Term Has Been Variously Employed To In Dicate Rocks Of Archean ...
Azov
Azov, Sea Of (the Ancient Pains Mmotis), An Arm Of The Black Sea, With Which It Is Con Nected By The Strait Of Kertch Or Yenilcale. Its Greatest Length Is 226 Miles And Widest Breadth 110 Miles, With A Superficial Area Of Nearly 15,000 Miles. To The Northeast It Narrows ...
Aztec Confederacy
Aztec Confederacy. The Name Aztecs (properly Aztecas) Is Currently Used For All The Nahua (q.v.) Tribes In Mexico At The Time Of The Spanish Conquest. It Belongs At Most Only To The Seven More Closely Cognate Tribes Which Occupied The Valley Of Mexico, And Is By Some Restricted To The ...
Ciii
Ciii. The Asian-american Group. Char Acteristics: Yellow Or Red Skin, Brachycephalic (broad-headed), Narrow-eyed, Lank Or Straight Haired (cylindrical In Cross-section). Area Of Distribution: Eastern Asia And Western Amer Ica, Chiefly North Of The Equator Along The Semicircular Shoreline Of Asia And America.° This, However, Deals Only With Living Men And ...
Confederate Army
Confederate Army. First Corps. James Longstreet. Five Divi Sions; Commanders, Lafayette Mclaws, R. H. Anderson, D. R. Jones, J. G. Walker, J. B. Hood. Second Corps.t. J. ("stonewall") Jack Son; Four Divisions; Commanders, I. R. Jones, A. R. Lawton, A. P. Hill, D. H. Hill. Some Crucial Points Of The ...
Criminal Law
Law, Criminal. The British Attorney-general. In Eng Land The Attorney-general Is Appointed By Letters Patent And Holds Office During The King's Pleasure. He Is The Chief Law Officer Of The Crown, And Ex Officio The Leader Of The Bar Hav Ing Precedence In All Courts And In The House Of ...
Decorative Design
Decorative Design. By Design Is Meant The Originating Of Objects And Their Decoration According To The Laws Of Use And Beauty. It Thus Naturally Falls Into Two Grand Divisions, Namely, Con Structive Design And Decorative Design. Constructive Design, Or Design In Three Dimensions, Deals With The Evolving Of Objects Having ...
Edward S Farrow
Edward S. Farrow, Consulting Civil And Military Engineer. The Caterpillar Of The Moth Leucania Unipunctata. The Adult Meas Ures About One And A Half Inches Across The Expanded Wings, Which Are Dull Brown, The Anterior Pair Bearing Near The Centre A Small White Dot Which Has Suggested The Specific Name. ...
Federal Appointments
Federal Appointments. The Appointing Power. When Framing The Constitution The Federal Convention Of 1787, While Vesting "executive Power" In The President, Did Not Intend That He Should Be Subjected To The Annoyance Of Making Selec Tions Of Persons For Minor Positions. Hence Art. Ii, Sec. Ii, Ά 2, Provides That ...
Galleries
Galleries, Primarily Buildings Or Rooms Dedicated To Art And Used For The Ex Hibition Of Works Of Art; Hence, Secondarily, Im Portant Public Or Semi-public Collections Of Art Objects. In Ancient Athens The Marble Hail That Formed The North Wing Of The Propylaea Con Tained Works Of Celebrated Painters And ...
Guns
Guns. As A Solution Of The Problem Presented By The Conditions Of Firing At Great Heights And At Large Angles In Order To Reach Airplanes Or Balloons, The Krupp Firm Has Brought Out Three General Types Of Can Non, Each Of Which Is Adapted For A Special Use. In The ...
H H Ci I
H H Ci -i- Ci == Hc1 Hc1; Or We May Write The Whole Operation In The Fol Lowing Simple Manner : H. + 2hc1 Dalton, Assuming That The Formula Of Am Monia Is Nh, And Knowing By Experiment That The Weight Of The Nitrogen Present Is 4.67 Times As ...
Hydraulic Machines
Hydraulic Machines. Vehicle Springs. No Adequate Understand Ing Of The Requirements In Vehicle Springs For Motor Cars Can Be Gained Without A Compre Hensive Study Including Not Only Spring Mate Rials And Spring Design But Also The Relations Of The Spring Action To The Auxiliary Action Obtained From Resilient Wheel ...
Ii I
I, Ii, Iii, 1905-14) ; Mary I. Hussey, 'sumerian Tablets In The Harvard Semitic Museum) (part I, 1912; Part Ii, 1914) ; A. T. Clay, 'miscella Neous Inscriptions In The Yale Babylonian Col Lection: Babylonian Texts' (vol. I, 1915). In Addition To These There Are Scores Of Texts Of Lesser ...
Internal Combustion Engines
Internal Combustion Engines) And Is Usually Operated With Gasoline As The Fuel, Although Less Volatile Hydrocarbon Fluids, Such As Benzol, Al Cohol, Kerosene And Melted Naphthalene May Be Used Conditionally, Especially Benzol, Which Is Employed Regularly In Europe For Motor Trucks And Omnibuses. From These Facts It Follows That The ...
Its Constitution 5 The
5. The Commonwealth, Its Constitution, Government And Administrative Department. The Beginning Of The Federal Movement Toward Political Union. Under The Acts Of 63 And 64 Vic., C. 12 (1900) Known As The 'commonwealth Of Australia Constitution Act,' The People Of New South Wales, Victoria, South Australia, Queensland, Tasmania And Western ...
John Alexander Cockwurn
John Alexander Cockwurn, Formerly Minister Of Education In South Australia. In Queensland The Two Principal Manufac Turing Industries Are Sugar Refining And Meat Preserving, And Of The Total Number Of People Employed, About 12 Per Cent Find Employment In These Two Industries. The Total Output Of All Factories In Australia. ...
Korea Boxers
Korea' Boxers And Triple Alliance. For General Bibliographies Consult Uaritch, 'catalogue Of Geography, Voyages, Ravels And History Of America, Af Rica, Australia And Asia' (london 1899); And Muller, (asie, Histoire, Geographic, Voyages Catalogue' (amsterdam 1901). General Works: Reclus,
Lewis F
Lewis F. Pitcher. State Architect Of New York. Architecture, Education In. Train The Ideal Architect Is An Artist Who Em Ploys Structure As His Medium .of Expression, Whose Function It Is To Produce Beautiful Build Ings. That This Ideal Is Realized By Relatively Few Of Those Who Are Called Architects ...
N J Atlantic City
Atlantic City, N. J., City And Popular Seaside Resort In Atlantic County; On The At Lantic Ocean And On The Reading And The Penn Sylvania Railroads, 60 Miles Southeast Of Phil Adelphia And 136 Miles Southwest Of New York. It Is Built On A Long, Sandy Island, Known As Absecon ...
N Y Auburn
Auburn, N. Y. City And County-seat Of Cayuga County, On Owasco River, The Outlet Of Owasco Lake, And On The New York Cen Tral, Lehigh Valley, And Central New York Southern Steam Railroads, 25 Miles Southwest Of Syracuse. Interurban Trolley Lines Connect With Rochester And Syracuse, And Local Trolley Lines ...
New South Wales The
New South Wales The First Original Colony. Foundation. In 1784 The British Parlia Ment Passed The Statute Of 24 Geo. Iii, C, 56, Entitled ((an Act For The Effectual Transporta Tion Of Felons And Other Offenders, And To Au Thorize The Removal Of Prisoners In Certain Cases, And For Other ...
Or Apala Chi Apalachee
Apalachee, Or Apala Chi, A Tribe Of Indians Of The Muskhogean Stock, First Mentioned In 1526 As Occupying The Territory About Apalachee Bay And Saint Mark's River In Northwestern Florida And Northward To The Mountains To Which They Have Given Their Name. Near The End Of The 16th Century Spanish ...
Or Appuleius Apuleius
Apuleius, Or Appuleius, Lucius, A Satirist And Philosopher Of The 2d Century: B. At Madaura, In Numidia; The Time Of His Death Is Unknown. He Was Author Of The Cele Brated Satirical Romance Called The 'golden Ass.' He First Studied At Carthage, Then Re Nowned As A School Of Literature, ...
Or Arvales Fratres Arval
Arval Brothers, Or Arva'les Fratres, A Roman College Of Priests, 12 In Number, Whose Duty It Was To Offer Sacrifices For The Fertility Of The Fields. That They Were Of Extreme Antiquity Is Proved By The Legend Which Refers Their Institution To Romulus, Of Whom It Is Said That When ...
Or Ashantee Ashanti
Ashanti, Or Ashantee, A Former Negro Kingdom Of Western Africa, Since 27 Aug. 1896, A British Colony Of The Gold Coast Administered By Its Governor, Under A 'separate Constitution, And Definitely Annexed, 26 Sept. 1901. Its Boundaries Defined 22 Oct. 1906, Enclose An Area Of 20,000 Square Miles. It Is ...
Or Astrophysics
Astrophysics, Or The New Astronomy, The Science Dealing With The Physical Nature Of The Heavenly Bodies, Has Revealed In A Re Markable Manner, Through Its Discoveries During The Last Half-century, The Wonderful Ability And Resourcefulness Of The Human Mind. By Means Of The Spectroscope We Have Been Able To Investigate ...
Or Athletism Athletics
Athletics, Or Athletism, Is The Exhibition Of Man's Physical Prowess In Games Of Skill And Endurance, And Though In Passing Centuries It Has Undergone Many Phases, It Is Practically The Same To-day As When The Olym Pian Games, Which Were Resumed At The Pan American Exhibition At Buffalp In 1901, ...
Or Austin Augustine
Augustine, Or Austin, Saint, The First Archbishop Of Canterbury: D. 26 May 604. While Prior Of The Benedictine Monastery Of Saint Andrew At Rome He Was Selected By Pope Gregory I, Together With Other Monks, To Con Vert The Anglo-saxons To Christianity, And Establish The Authority Of The Roman See ...
Or Ayyubites Ayoubites
Ayoubites, Or Ayyubites, The Saracenic Dynasty Founded By Saladin, Which In Supplanted The Fatimite Caliphs, About A.d. Several Of The Descendants Of Saladin, Known As Ayoubites, Afterward Ruled In Egypt, Syria, Armenia And Arabia Felix. In The 13th Century Their Power Was Destroyed By The Mamelukes. Ayr, Ir, Scotland, Town ...
Or Otto Attar
Attar, Or Otto, Of Roses, A Per Fume Extracted From Rose Petals. It Is A Vola Tile Oil, Of Soft Consistency, Nearly Colorless, And Deposits A Crystallizable Substance Partially Soluble In Alcohol. The Best Article Is Prepared At Ghazipoor In Hindustan; But Is Apt To Be Much Adulterated With Sandalwood ...
Or South Aran Aran
Aran Islands, Or South Aran, Ireland, Three Islands Situated On The West Coast At The Entrance Of Galway Bay, To Which They Form A Natural Breakwater. They Lie In A Southeasterly Direction. Beginning With The Northernmost They Are Called Respectively Inish More Or Great Island; Inishmaan Or Middle Island; And ...
Or Zend Avesta Avesta
Avesta, Or Zend-avesta, The Bible Of Zoroaster, The Sacred Book Of Ancient Iran, And Holy Scripture Of The Modern Patsis. The Exact Meaning Of The Name "avesta') Is Not Cer Tain; It May Perhaps Signify Ulaw,i) Or, More Doubtfully, The Modern Familiar Designation Of The Book As Zend-avesta Is Not ...