Scientific Associations, There are a number of associations in Pittsburgh, some of which have a large membership, devoted to promoting the sciences and the arts. The En gineers Society of Western Pennsylvania is one of the strongest bodies of its kind in the country and has its headquarters in the Union Arcade building. The Art Society of Pitts burgh was established nearly 50 years ago and promotes interest in music, painting and other fine arts. The Academy of Science and Art of Pittsburgh has a membership of over 2500 and annually provides lectures upon scientific topics in the lecture hall of the Carnegie Museum. The number of such lectures in 1918 exceeded 50. The Associated Artists of Pittsburgh has a membership of about 100 persons who prac tise painting, sculpture, and architecture. The Authors' Club of Pittsburgh has a membership of over 50. The Pittsburgh branch of the Archeological Institute of America is vigorous and by annual appropriations helps to maintain the classical schools at Rome and Athens founded by the Institute. The Historical Society of Western Pennsylvania occupies a building erected in the "civic centre' in prox imity to the buildings of the university.
Social Clubs and The Pitts burgh Directory in 1918 shows that there are 115 social clubs and fraternities in the city. Some of the largest and better known clubs are the Pittsburgh, the Duquesne, the Union, the Monongahela and the University Club. The Pittsburgh Golf Club, the Allegheny Country Club and the Oakmont Golf Club are beautifully housed and are frequented by lovers of outdoor sport. The annual meet of the American Association of Golfers to decide the national championship in golf took place in 1919 upon the links of the Oakmont Club. The Pittsburgh Athletic Association has its club house in the civic centre on Fifth avenue. The building cost over $1,000,000.
has numerous hotels, some of them of large size and modern in all their appointments. The Hotel Schenley in the civic centre is in proximity to the university, the Carnegie Institute and the many buildings grouped near the entrance of Schenley Parlc, and contains 260 rooms. The Fort Pitt and the William Penn, the latter recently opened and having 904 rooms, are fine examples of the best class of hotels. There are many others,
and with an abundance of halls, large and small, for meeting places, Pittsburgh in recent years has come to be widely regarded with favor as a 'convention city,' and gatherings of from 2,000 to 6,00U delegates frequently assem ble here.
Newspaper., The Pittsburgh Times, originally established as the Pittsburgh Gazette in 1786, is one of the oldest newspapers in America and the first established on the continent west of the Allegheny ridges. There are published in Pittsburgh eight daily papers of large size and 60 other weekly, trade, re ligious, scientific, and social journals and period icals. Books bearing Pittsburgh imprints have been issued from as far back as 1789, and while publishing is not one of the leading industries of the place, its aggregate annual volume is not inconsiderable.
There are 489 churches and places of religious assemblage in Pittsburgh. Almost every religious denomination is repre sented in the community, so that the early pre diction of Arthur Lee, who visited the spot in 1786 and found °Not a priest of any persua sion, nor church nor chapel,' and who, there fore, declared the people to be "likely to be damned without benefit of clergy,' is certain not to be fulfilled. Pittsburgh is the seat of a Roman Catholic and a Protestant Episcopal bishop, and is the seat of the Board of Missions to the Freedmen of the Southern States of the Presbyterian Church, and of all the ecclesiastical organizations of the United Presbyterian Church in America. The vast influx of people from the south of Europe in recent years has somewhat changed the religious complexion of the place, but originally settled by the Scotch it is still in certain aspects as much a Presbyterian community as Glasgow or Edinburgh. The churches of the major denominations in the city are in number as follows: Baptist, 56; Christian, 12; Congregational, 4; Episcopal, 24; Evangelical (mostly German), 10; Jewish synagogues, 21; Lutheran (all branches), 53; Methodists (all branches), 73; Presbyterians and Reformed, 93; Roman Catholic, 81; mis cellaneous, 62. Thirty-three churches are