The 1902 patterns of the Goss press carry also decks,* being an arrangement of two extra pairs of cylinders on the top of the machine, enabling the printing of three colors on the first and last pages of the newspaper. Two large Goss presses now in use are in the office of the New York Herald,— called duodec uple, or 12-fold. The Herald had two octuple presses and needed another. Its available floor space was entirely filled. The makers proposed to build in the air, as the pressroom was lofty, rising above the street level, and did on the same framework build another quadruple press on top of each of the octuples. Each press is now really made up of three quadruples, in tiers. Each can be operated individually; each delivers individually, the top press being fed York World in 1893. This had five two-page wide color cylinders for electroplates set tan dem, with a pair of cylinders for printing the reverse side in a single color, usually black. Below was a complementary stereotype cylinder machine for printing four pages in a single color; so that this machine could produce either a four-page paper, one Christmas supplement showing outside pages in five colors and the inside in a single color. By skilfully dividing the ink fountains and combining colors and over-printing, many shades are produced in the same paper, one Christmas supplement showing no less than 36 shades. This press was re moved to the office of the Post-Dispatch, in Saint Louis, in 1902, where it is still doing very efficient work. To meet increasing demand The World had R. Hoe and Company build an angle-bar double color-press in 1894, each side of which printed four (the two outside and the two inside) pages in four colors, and four pages in a single color; and another, a straight-line press, in 1898 with a capacity for four pages in five colors, and four pages in two colors; these two eights can be collected and delivered as a 16-page paper. The press will also produce a
24-page paper with four colors.
Color printing presses have been widely adopted by the American newspapers, and in the new models all the manufacturers offer ((color The popularity of these colored sheets created a demand for illustrated supple ments of pictures in one color. This has been supplied by what are called magazine webs and also by machines of the offset type, producing rapid photogravure work.
The skill of the American printing press manufacturers has produced so many designs, adapted to meet every demand of newspaper publishers, large and small, that it is impossible to enumerate the patterns. The presses here illustrated are sufficient to show the types.
In 1918 there were more than 80 factories in the United States producing printing presses, and 56 which made both printing and binding machines. The gross annual production of the former is over $8,000,000, and of the latter over $3,000,000. (See NEWSPAPERS, AMERICAN; PRINTING; PRINTING TRADE, AMERICAN). Con sult Hoe, Robert, 'Short History of the Printing Press) (New York 1902), and Hoe, R. M., 'Literature of Printing) (London 1877). Consult also, works referred to under article PsuiTING.