Missions.— The Episcopal Church has al ways been breaking ground in new fields. Her first duty was to extend her work in the West ern States. Among the typical examples of the home missionaries were the Rt. Rev. Jackson Kemper, missionary bishop of the Northwest, and Dr. James Lloyd Breck Dr. Breck with two friends founded Nashotah House in Wis consin as a training school for missionaries. Later he removed to Minnesota, organized work among Indians at Crow Wing and laid founda tions for Church institutions in Faribault. Bishop H. B. Whipple developed and completed his work Still later Breck organized the sociate Mission for the Pacific Coast? His last work was the founding of schools in Benicia, Cal. The first bishops in the Pacific States were William Ingraham Kip of California and Thomas Fielding Scott of Oregon and Wash ington. Most of the Western States contain one or more organized dioceses. There are still 16 missionary jurisdictions in the United States and four others in American posses sions. Bishops have been recently sent to Alaska, Sandwich Islands, the Philippines and Porto Rico.
There are six foreign missionary jurisdic tions, Western Africa (Cape Palmas); Shang hai and Hankow in China; Tokio and Kioto in Japan, and Cuba. Bishops have also been con secrated for independent churches in Haiti, Mexico and Brazil. The direction of missionary work is entrusted to a Board of Missions with headquarters in New York Contributions for missions of all kinds probably amount to a mil lion dollars a year.
Institutions.— There are a number of Epis copalian theological schools. The General The ological Seminary in New York is a training school for the whole Church. It was founded in 1817, was removed for a time to New Haven, returned in 1820 to New York and was shortly after established in Chelsea Square. It owes its present buildings to generous gifts of Dean Eugene Augustus Hoffman. Of other semina ries, the more important are the Episcopal Theo logical School, Cambridge, Mass., Berkeley
DivinitI School, Middletown, Conn., the Divin ity Sc ool of Philadelphia, Seabury Divinity School in Faribault and Nashotah House.
Trinity College, Hartford, Conn., Kenyon College, Gambier, Ohio, Hobart College, Gen eva, N. Y., the University of the South, Sewanee, Tenn., and Saint Stephen's College, Annandale, N. Y., are all Episcopalian insti tutions. Columbia University, New York, al ways has a Churchman for president and uses Church prayers in its chapel. Lehigh Univer sity, South Bethlehem. Pa., is by direc tion of its founder under Church auspices. There are many diocesan schools for boys and girls and special schools fo;. Negroes and In dians. Of the larger Church schools for boys may be mentioned Saint Paul's School. Concord, N. H., Groton School, Groton, Mass.,, and Racine College, in Wisconsin. Churchmen have always been active in promoting chari table work Saint Luke's Hospital, New York, is a conspicuous example of their zeal. There are numerous organizations for the furthering of Church work and a number of religious orders for men and women.
The number of Churchmen is not large, but the rate of increase has been comparatively rapid. In 1800 there were 11 dioceses served by seven bishops and 208 other clergy; in 1916 there were 102 dioceses and missionary juris dictions served by 122 bishops and about 5,800 other clergy. The number of communicants was about 1,060,000, a number which implies about 4,000,000 adherents.
materials for the history of the Protes tant Episcopal Church are to be found in Jour nals of the General Convention, the memoirs of distinguished Churchmen and collections of pamphlets in the libraries of Church institu tions. Perry's 'History of the American Epis copal Church,' a collection of monographs, is the most complete formal history. There are smaller works by the Rt. Rev. Leighton Cole man, D.D., bishop of Delaware, the Rev. C. H. Tiffany, D.D., and the Rev. S. D. McConnell, D.D.