In larger communities the chief school ad ministrative officer is the superintendent. In different parts of the country the term has very different significance as to size of the com munity and the number of teachers supervised. Usually in a community having a superintend ent there are more school buildings than one and the superintendent is not a part of the organization in any one building, but maintains an office frequently outside of the school build ings and has the same supervisory relation to all of them. In its simplest form a typical school system organized under a superintendent consists of the superintendent, two or more grade principals with separate teaching staffs, and ordinarily a high school principal and teach ing force. This organization is subject to many possible variations. As has been said elsewhere in this article, development is along the line of additional groups of grade school, high school and technical school teachers, each group hav ing its principal. In large city systems assist ant superintendents, supervisors of instruction in the various subjects and officials charged with the care of buildings, records, finances, etc., are added.
Within the individual school there may or may not be further organization. This is largely dependent upon the size of the school. When the number of teachers in the grade school becomes too large for the principal to supervise effectively he is usually assisted by one or more of the following department prin cipals: primary, grades one to three, intermedi ate, grades four to six, grammar, grades seven and eight, orb assistant principal with gen eral duties. high school principal in a school large enough to have about three or more teachers of each subject, i.e., of English, mathematics, etc., is assisted by heads or chair men of departments, through whose hands goes more or less of the administrative work regard ing the organization of classes and supervision of instruction in the respective subjects. In large city high schools assistant principals are frequently provided.