Retardation of Pupils

school, schools, grades and classes

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3. The number of terms (one-half years) of schooling received and grades or half grades completed in each of the following school locations: a School where registered.

b Other local public schools.

c Local parochial or private schools.

d Any schools in other cities.

e Schools in foreign countries.

4. Grades or half grades skipped or doubly promoted.

5. Grades repeated or doubly repeated.

6 Note of extraordinary circumstances fa vorable to progress.

7. Note of extraordinary circumstances un favorable to progress.

D. Those which involve a transfer to a spe cial class with a return to regular work some time after the class from which the transfer was made has completed the work of that grade.

Ungraded classes.

(2 Foreign classes.

(3 Special catch-up classes.

(4) Classes for atypical pupils.

(5) Open-air classes.

E. Those which involve the substitution of a modified, though regularly graded, course of study in place of the regular elementary curriculum.

F. Those which involve a transfer to another sort of school or institution which substitutes a special curriculum for that of the graded school.

2. Primarily Concerning the Administra tion of the School.— Those which relate to the principal's office and to the school district as a unit rather than to the instruction in the classroom. The keeping and actual use of special individual records of scholarship, health and standard test results; special features of organization within the school and of co-opera tion with the home.

3. Primarily Concerning the Administra tion in the Entire Local School System.— Those which relate to the department as a whole and to co-operation with other city de partments and organizations. Analysis of re tardation records of schools and use of data in the supervisory program. Employment of clerk or establishment of a bureau of research The most effective manner of assembling retardation data in the tables is to resort to the mechanical tabulation of these statistics by means of electrical sorting and tabulating ma chines, in which process a small card contain ing all the necessary information is punched for each pupil. These cards are then run through the machines any desired number of times in order to make sortings based upon the different angles from which the situation is to be viewed.

Bibliography.--Ayres, L. P., in Our Schools' (Russell Sage Foundation, New York City 1909) • Averill, W. .A., The Ages of Pupils and Their Progress Through the Elementary Grades' (Bulletin New York State Education Department, 1918) • Bachman, F. R, (Problems in Elementary School Administra tion' (1914); Keyes, C. H., (Progress Through the Grades of City, Schools' (Teachers' College, Columbia University, Contributions to Educa tion No. 42, 1911) • Strayer, G. D., (Age and Grade Census of Schools and Colleges' (United States Bureau of Education Bulletin No. 4, 1907).

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