RIDGWAY ridrwli, Robert, American naturalist : b.
Carmel; III., 2 July 1850. He was zoologist to the United States geologi cal exploration of the 40th parallel un Clarence King in 1867-69, and since 1880 has •been curator of the division of birds in the National Museum at Washington. He was one of the founders in 1883 of the American Orni thologists' Union, of which he later became president. He was appointed a member of the committee at the first International Ornitho logical Congress at Vienna in 1885, and of that at Budapest in 1891, and the advisory council of World's Congresses at the World's Colum bian Exposition. He is author of 'A Nomen clature of Colors for Naturalists' (1886) ; 'Manual of North American Birds) (1887) ; 'Birds of North and Middle America' (1901 16, of which 7 vols. have been issued) ; 'Color Standards and Color Nomenclature' (1912); joint author with Prof. Spencer F. Baird and Dr. T. M. Brewer of "A History of North American Birds' (3 vols., 1874) and 'Water Birds of North America' (2 vols., 1884);
'York Academy of Science and Zoological So ciety of London; honorary member of the British Ornithologists' Union, German Orni thological Society, Nuttall Ornithological Club and Royal Australian Ornithological Society.
He has traveled extensively in North Amer ica while engaged in ornithological exploration; two years' field work in California, Nevada and Utah (1867-69) ; a summer along the coast of Alaska as guest of the Harriman Alaska Ex pedition in 1899; two trips to Costa Rica (six months in 1905, three months in 1907) asguest of Senor Don, Jose C. Zeled6n, of San Jose; several trips to Florida, etc.