2. Second Period (1551-52).— Julius III (1550-55), who as Cardinal del Monte had been first papal legate to the council, reconvened the synod at Trent, on 1 May 1551. His legates were Cardinal Marcellus Crescenzi, Arch biship Pighinus of Siponto and Bishop Lipo manni of Verona. Henry II of France pre vented the French bishops from attending. De crees on the sacraments of eucharist, penance and extreme unction were issued in sessions XIII-XIV. There were now in attendance, 3 legates, a cardinal, 10 archbishops and 54 bish ops. Delegates from several Protestant princes were present at these two sessions. They de manded that the council define the supremacy of an oecumenical council over the Pope and postpone definitions on all points of controversy between Catholics and Protestants. The coun cil refused to accede to their demands. Many particular and general congregations were then held in regard to the sacrifice of the mass. No decree was decided upon. The council ad journed 23 April 1552 because of the nearness of Trent to the war zone of Charles V and Maurice of Saxony.
3. Third Period (1562-63).—On the death of Julius III, a former president of the council, Marcello Cervini, was elected Pope (1555) ; he took the name Marcellus II and reigned only 22 days. Paul IV (1555-59) vigorously carried out the reforms instituted by Trent; but did not reconvene the council. Pius IV (1559-65) was minded to do so. He was deterred by the petti fogging interferences of secular rulers. The Emperor Ferdinand wished a new council and not a continuation of the old; he insisted on the choice of some German city other than Trent as the place of meeting. It took some time to bring him and the rest of the Catholic monarchs to terms. The third period of the council began at Trent 18 Jan. 1562. The presi dent was Cardinal Ercole Gonzaga; his assist ant cardinal legates were Stanislas Hos, James du Puy, Jerome Seripando, Louis Simonetta and Marcus Siticus. Besides these legates, there were present a cardinal, 3 patriarchs, 11 archbishops, 40 bishops, 4 abbots and 4 generals of religious orders. The theologians numbered 34.
Bickerings with Emperor Ferdinand and lesser princes delayed the preparation of the de cree on holy communion. This decree was most important in its dogmatic and disciplinary bearing. At the formal session X XI, 16 July 1562, the council decided that communion under the form of bread was sufficient for the laity. "For He that said, 'Except ye eat the flesh of the Son of Man and drink His blood, ye shall not have life in you) (John vi, 54), also said, 'If one eat of this bread, one shall live for ever) (John vi, 52). And he that said, (He that eateth my flesh and drinketh my blood, bath everlasting life) (John vi, 55), also said, 'The bread, which I shall give, is my flesh for the life of the world' (John vi, 52). And finally He that said, (He that eateth my flesh and drinketh my blood, abideth in me and 1 in hi& (John vi, 57), nevertheless added, 'He that eat eth this bread shall live forever' (John vi, 59).*
Moreover, the council vindicated to the Church the right to determine how the sacraments should be administered; whether, for instance, communion should be under one form or two. Session XXII, 17 Sept. 1562, clearly defined the teaching of the Church in regard to the sacri fice of the mass. Cardinals Gonzaga and Seri pando died; they were replaced by the cardinal legates Morone and Navagero. Eighty-four theologians, among them the learned Jesuits Salmeron and Lainez, took part in the prelimi nary discussions on the sacrament of orders. Session XXIII, 15 July 1563, issued the defini tions of Trent on orders and the hierarchy. By this the council had 235 voting members. Ses sion XXIV, 11 Nov. 1563, had to do with the sacrament of marriage. In session XXV, the last, 3-4 Dec. 1563, besides the usual decrees of reform, were promulgated the doctrines of in dulgences, and of the veneration of the saints, relics and images. Finally all those decrees were read and approved, which had been passed during the reigns of Paul III and Julius III. These Tridentine definitions were signed by 4 cardinal legates, 2 cardinals, 3 patriarchs. 25 archbishops, 167 bishops, 7 abbots, 7 gen erals of religious orders and 19 proxies for 33 absentees. Pius IV confirmed the decrees of the Council of Trent, on 26 Jan. 1564, by the bull Deus?) The dogmatic decrees of Trent are given in scientific and accurate form by Denzinger-Bannwart, 'Enchiridion Sym bolorum' (11th ed., 1911). The classic on the council is being published by a German Catho lic publication society, the G8rresgesellschaft; the title of this monumental work is 'Concilium Tridentinum : diariorum, actorum, epistula rum, tractatuum nova collectio.> Five vol umes 'have thus far appeared: I, Diariorum p. 1, the commentary of Hercules Severolus (1901) ; II, Diariorum p. 2, the diaries (1-4) of Angelo Massarelli (1911) ; IV, Actorum p. 1, the acts of sessions 1-111 (1904) ; V, Actorum p. 2, the acts of sessions IV-VIII (1911) ; X, Epistularum p. 1, letters written from 5 March 1545 to 11 March 1547 (1916). The history of the council was written up a parti pris by Saroi, 'Istoria del concilio tridentino' (1619). Against him wrote Pallavicino, 'Istoria del con cilio di Trento) (2 vols., 1646-57). Other works of moment are Dupuy, 'Instructions et lettres concernant le concile de Trent) (1654) ; Labbe-Cossart, (Concilia) (xiv, 1672) • Le Plat, 'Monumentorum ad historiam concilii triden tini spectantium amplissima collectio) (7 vols., 1781-87) ; Theiner, 'Acta geniuna ss. cecu menici concilii tridentini ab A. Massarello con scripta' (2 vols., 1874); Dallinger, (Sammlung von Urkunden zur Geschichte des Konzils von Trient' (1876) ; von Sickel, T., (Zur Geschichte des Konzils von Trient, Aktenstiicke aus den osterreichischen Archiven> (three parts, 1870 72) ; Druffel-Brandi, 'Monumenta tridentina' (i-iv, 1884-97) ; Lainez, 'Disputations triden tinz> (ed. Grisar, 1886).