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Encyclopedia Americana, Volume 28

23 Costs Of The
23. Costs Of The World War.— War Costs Are Of Two Lcinds— Direct And In Direct Direct Costs Embrace All Expenditures Made By Belligerents In Carrying. On Hostilities; Indirect Costs Mclude The Economic Losses Result Ing From Deaths Attributable Directly Or In Directly To The War, The Value Of Property ...

25 Psychology Of Thb
25. Psychology Of Thb War. (iy American.— The War Psychosis Of All Countries Is Declared By Authorities To Fall Into A Pattern Typical Of Group Behavior Any Where Under Stress Or During Crisis. This Pat Tern Has Been Clearest In The United States Of America. For The Reasons That It ...

27 War And Its
27. War And Its Relation To World Commerce, The. To Dis Cuss The Relation Of The World War To World Commerce Implies (1) A Consideration Of Politi Cal And Commercial Conditions At The Beginning Of The War; (2) The Political, Commercial And Industrial Conditions Developed During The War; (3) The ...

28 Effect Of The
28. Effect Of The War On Cur Rency. The World War Made Great Changes In World Currency, And Especially In The Countries Participating In That Conflict. The Paper Currency Of 30 Principal Countries Of The World At The Beginning Of The War Aggre Gated A Little Over $7,000,000,000; At The ...

4 Fighting Strength Of
4. Fighting Strength Of Thz Nations. Man-power.— The Peace Armies Of The Seven Great Powers Before The Opening• Of The Great War In 1914 Totaled Less Than 4,500,000, Or About 12y2 Per Cent Of Those Finally Engaged. If To These Be Added The Trained Re Serves, Then The Available Armies ...

5 Military Operations On
5. Military Operations On Tait Western Front. 1. General Strategy And Numbers.— Viewed As A Whole The World War Ended As It Began, In An Attempt To Take Paris. That Was In Accordance With The Ger Man War Plan, Made Many Years Before And Taken Out Of The General Staff's ...

6 The Eastern Front
6. The Eastern Front. 1. The Strategic Situation On The Eastern Front, To Understand The War On The Eastern Front, Between Russia And Her Teutonic Enemies, One Must Grasp The Significance Of The Map: The Great Polish Salient, The Railways, And The Gen Erally Flat Character Of The Terrain. Russian ...

7 Italian Campaign
7. Italian Campaign. The Chain Of Historical And Diplomatic Events Which Brought Italy Into The World War Is Described Under Italy And The War (cv.). At The Time Of The Declaration Of War Against Austria-hun Gary On 23 May 1915 The Population Of Italy Was Estimated At A Little Over ...

8 Colonial And Japanese
8. Colonial And Japanese Cam Paigns. Africa.—at The Outbreak Of War The Colonial Possessions Of Germany In Africa, Asia And The Pacific Covered An Area Of Considerably Over 1,000,000 Square Miles, With A Total Popula Tion Of About 15,000,000, Of Whom Some 25,000 Only Were Whites And The Rest Natives ...

9 Turkish Campaigns
9. Turkish Campaigns. Me Untie And Syria.— Turkish Politics Imlecit Went A Profound Change After The Disappear Ance Of Abdul Hamid Ii In 1909. In His Re Lations With Europe That Monarch Displayed A Suppleness And Tact Which No Statesman Of His Time Ever Managed To Overcome. The Turks Gained ...

American Political Issues United
American Political Issues ; United States Beginnings Of Party Organization ; United States - The New Democracy And The Spoils System. The Popular Vote.— In The United States The Expression (popular Vote) Is Subject To Several Interpretations But Is Commonly Used To Denote The Expression Of The Public Will By ...

Anatomy Laryncoscope
Anatomy ; Larync;oscope, The Instrument Used For Examining The Glottis And Larynx. The Voices Of Children Are High-pitched Or Treble. When The Boy Attains Puberty, There Is A Change In The Larynx, And He Sounds Lower, Usually Bass Notes. The Lower, Middle And Upper Registers Of The Voice Involve A ...

D C Washington
Washington, D. C., The Capital Of The United States, Coterminous With The District And, Therefore, Occupying A Territory Of 69% Square Miles. The City Is Under The Exclusive Jurisdiction Of The Congress; It Is Situated On The Potomac River, 100 Miles Above Its Mouth, 40 Miles South By West Of ...