WARD, Frederick Townsend, American military leader in China: b. Salem, Mass., 29 Nov. 1831; d. Ningpo, China, 21 Sept. 1862. He served in the French army in the Crimean War and later was for a time a ship brolcer in New York. The Taiping Rebellion in China enlisted his interest in 1860 and he went to Shanghai. There he gathered a band of ad venturous spirits of various nationalities and approached the local Chinese authorities with an offer to capture the city of Sunglciang in return for a large sum of money. The city was held by about 10,000 rebels, but Ward made good his offer to take it and not only re ceived his monetary reward but was made a mandarin of the fourth class. He cleared the country about Shanghai of rebels, receiving a monetary reward for each victory and later organized and drilled three regiments of native troops. With this force he met and defeated a superior force of rebels, saving Shanghai from capture and later clearing a 30-mile belt around the city. From this time he was taken
into the confidence and esteem of the French and English officers on duty there and who had hitherto considered him merely an adventurer. He was made a mandarin of the highest rank, married a Chinese woman and was appointed admiral-general by the emperor. He was killed in a skirmish at Ningpo at a time when he was making arrangements to return to the United States to take part in the Civil War. His ad mirably trained and disciplined military force afterward became the nucleus of Gordon's famous °Ever Victorious Army" and he was generally regarded as a military genius. He was honored by the Chinese with burial in the Confucian Cemetery at Ningpo, where a great mausoleum was erected to him; and monuments also were erected at the scenes of his important victories.