WELLHAUSEN, Julius, Ger man Orientalist and Biblical scholar: b. Hameln, Hanover, 17 May 1844. He studied U theology in the University of Gottingen, in 1872 was appointed professor of theology in Greifswald University, but resigned in 1882 be cause he could no longer hold the accepted views of Scriptural inspiration. He went to Halle as extraordinary professor of Oriental languages and in 1885 was appointed to an ordinary professorship at Marburg, whence in 1892 he removed to Gottingen to occupy a similar post. In 1871 he published a text critical work on the books of Samuel, and in 1874 appeared his treatise 'Die Pharisier und die Sadducier.) The first volume of a 'Geschichte Israels' was issued in 1878 and a second edition of it in 1883, under the title, 'Prolegomena zur Geschichte Israels' (5th ed., 1899). The 'Prolegomena' was translated into English in 1885 by Black and Menzies, with a preface by W. Robertson Smith, the volume containing also a reprint of his article 'Israel' contributed to the 'Encyclopaedia Britannica' (9th edition). The last-mentioned article was
Published separately in 1881 as a 'Sketch of the History of Israel and Judah' (3d ed., 1891), and included in a German form, as an 'Abriss der Geschichte Israels und Judas,' in the 1st volume of his und Vorarheiten' (1884-92). The (Abriss) was amplified to form a work on 'Israelitische und Judische Geschichte) (1894; 4th ed. 1901). His masterly treatise on 'Die Composition des Hexatenchs und der Historischen Bucher des Alten Testa ments' (1885; 3d ed. 1899) originally appeared in the fair Deutsche Theolotie' (1876-77). Later works are 'Muhammed in Medina' (1882); 'Der Arahische Josippus' (1897); (Iteste Heidentums' (2d ed. 18971, first putilislied in the 'Skizzen und Vorarbeiten); 'Die Kleinen Propheten fiber setzt, mit Noten' (1892; 3d ed. 1898) ; dif ferent books on the evangelists ((Mark' 1903); 'Matthew' (1904); 'Luke' (1904); (1908); and 'Einleitung in die drei ersten Evangelien' (1905); 2d ed. 1911).