But before the resistance became effective. a gift to the proposed graduate school, which all held as necessary to the very existence of the university, introduced a new subject of dis cussion. Dean Andrew West, a close friend of the president, desired the graduate school to be set up at a distance from the quadrangle which ilson would make the centre of college life. Wilson objected gently. The matter re mained in abeyance till in 1909 a conditional gift of something like a million dollars to the graduate school compelled a dteision The gift was to be applied according to the wishes of Dean West. %Vilson refused to accept it on thc•c conditions The segregation of the graduate students seemed to him to thwart the democratic purposes of his whole reform pro gram. The trusties sided with %%ikon and the gift was formally declined. but not before the suliieet had lceorne a nal .nal one, for the ricay papers of the country discussed the issue May 1910, Isaac \Nyman of Boston died and left a /esrAry reported to be several millions, to the get chool. Dean West was to be one of the 'et, ors of the will and he was to use the ne mil' ns to carry out his ideals in the new sd I. Vilson could not refuse these mil ha d, before this time, the opposition to his Ingle reforms had assumed formida ble mons. Dean West's influence and tha ,f students and professors who opposed the -e• !nt were united. The Wilson reforms, poi s they were in educational circles thr t the country, were halted. It was cot rumored that Wilson would resign at cot .c: ment 1910.
ns ork at Princeton had made Wilson y l )w II in the United States as an educa tot Be re it took its final turn in 1910, Col.
arvey, representing the conservative wr o. the Democratic party and editor of He Weekly, inaugurated a movement to a! It •flson's nomination for President by .he 1 mocratic party in 1912. Harvey Its 1 m 'paper editors and political party lead i) type of James Smith, Jr., of New Jer se3 cause. The country was growing rest Its conduct of the Republican party. Wil sot , progressive Democrat; Harvey and his s were reactionary Democrats. The pre J election was then two years off and the on in the Democratic party was one of incertainty. The efforts of Wilson's fel Dwever, had resulted in making him a m:. nt political figure and there arose a po :.sr mand in his home State for his nomi na a candidate for governor. His nomi na t i owed in September 1910, and in Octo hei he esidency of Princeton was given up. sign that Wilson conducted that au tut in , stalwart Republican State attracted the ,ttc on of the country. The election of W m ' a majority of 49,000 made him a real cat ' for the Presidency which his admin tst is governor further advanced. He CO fulfil the hopes of the conservative Do , as governor and broke with Smith.
La . broke with Harvey. When the con set dis, abandoned him and endeavored to all leir influence to other candidates for th. De. ocratic Presidential nomination, the
- p- tressive elements of the Democratic Pa 0 led to Wilson. Of greater moment w. th. ireak-up of the Republican party in in 1' . Colonel Roosevelt endeavored to pprr cal e renomination of his former friend, 7,• failing to do so, led a revolt from th stion. It was plain that a new con 1.e omposcd of the Roosevelt men, al re ounccd in Chicago, would nominate th el. These events focussed the na te cation upon the Democratic party when it led in convention at Baltimore 25 No such convention had ever been unerican political history. It lasted m ly and was marked from the ttegin ni tense bitterness between the conserva M cogressive elements of the party. In D Mr. Wilson the leading candidates en ker Champ Clark of Missouri. Judson H if Ohio and Oscar W. Underwood of A Mr. Wilson won on the 46th ballot, La rough the support thrown to him by rnrungs Bryan.
made an actise campaign and was el _ a vote of 435 in the electoral colleges against 88 for Colonel Roosevelt and eight for Mr. Taft, the regular Republican candidate. The popular vote for Wilson, however, totaled only 6,293,019 as against 7,604,463 votes cast for Roosevelt and Taft. But the Democrats won large majorities in both houses of Congress and Wilson entered the Presidency in March 1913, with every branch of thegovernment at his command. He summoned Congress in extra session in April. All the great committees were headed by Democrats, if not by his friends. He urged at once some of the greatest reforms that have ever been effected in the history of the country. Acting on his recommendations Congress reduced the tariff from a general level of 45 to 25 per cent and greatly enlarged the free list. Many economists alleged that for the first time in half a century the tariff was written in the interest of the masses and not in that of the manufacturers. Of even greater importance was the reform of the national cur rency system in the Federal Reserve Act of 1913, by which the control of the money of the country was taken from i aids and placed in the Treasury Depar:: . :.; he coun try was divided into 12 banking di ricts and the reserves of those districts were placed in certain reserve cities in order that the needs of the country as a whole might the better be served and what had been called financial pan ics, produced by the nervous financial state of mind of New 'York, the reserve centre under the old system, might be averted. This meas ure was immediately successful. These re ferms of 1913 were by the Clayton Anti-trust and the Feeler:! Income Tax laws of 1914, the former of wmcn definitely settled i an old issue, while the latter subjected the comes of the country to a graduated tax that quickly proved to be of revolutionary character.