YARN, any textile before woven into cloth. Cotton yarn is numbered according to the num ber of Thanks' contained in a pound of 7,000 grains. Each hank, or skein, measures .840 yards. Worsted yarn has 560 yards to the skein; woolen yarn has 1.600 yards to the skein or run. Linen yarn is wound upon reels, and made up into leas, hanks and bundles. Flax and jute yarn is numbered according to the number of leas of 300 yards per pound.
YAROSLAV, or JAROSLA, Russia, (1) a city, capital of the government of Yamslay, at the confluence of the Kotorost and Volga rivers, 173 miles northeast of Moscow. It is the sec of an archbishop. The Uspenskij Cathedral was begun in 1215, and there are numerous other old churches, several monas teries, schools, gymnasia, a theological semi nary, and a lyceum with a law faculty. The left hank of the Volga is the suburban and resi dential portion of the city and contains many beautiful dwellings. The city is chiefly engaged in manufacturing and commerce, the right bank of the Volga being lined for two miles with quays. There are numerous cotton and linen mills, silk factories and bell foundries. The city was founded in 1226-36 and was the chief town of a municipality in 1218-1471, then com ing under the rule of Moscow. The village of Velflcoje Selo, included in the city, was the cen tre of the linen manufacture of Russia, and had an annual output valued at $3,000,000. Pop. about 11,876. (2) The government had an area of 13,751 square miles, and is bounded by the governments of Novgorod, Vologda, Kos trorna, Vladimil and Tver. It was one of the
mealiest hut most thickly populated govern ments in Russia. The surface is level and well watered iy the Volga and its tributaries, the Mologa and Sheksma. The western portion has numerous ponds and marshes, the largest being Lake Nero, near Rostov, from which the Wcska flows. The Volga is connected with the Neva fry two canals, through which considerable com merce is carried on. Market gardening, timber cutting, mining, flax, livestock and poultry rais ing and manufacturing are the chief occupa tions. There are extensive linen and cotton mills, and factories for the manufacture of chemicals, machinery, metal ware, flour, tobacco and spirits, making Yaroslav one of the princi pal manufacturing governments of Russia. Considerable commerce is carried on by the two railway lines, the Rybinsk-Petrograd and the Yaroslay-MoscowAologda. Its principal commercial cities are Rybrush and Yamslay; while Rostov, Mologa, Romanovo and Poshek bon are important trade centres. Pop. about I.239,300.
or RIVER YARRA, Australia, (I) river of Victoria on which Melbourne (q.v.) stands. It is about 100 miles long, hut is not navigable above Mel bourne, owing to its falls. (2) A lake of Western Australia, east of Darling Range and 150 miles north of Perth.