YUMAN STOCK, an important family or linguistic stock of North American Indians, the tribes composing it being scattered from the Colorado River region of Northern Arizona to the southern extremity of Lower California and even into the Mexican state of Sonora. The most important tribes of the stock are the Cochimi, Cocopa, Comeya, Cuchan, Di eiso, Havesupai, Maricopa, Mohave, Yavapai Perica, Seri, Tonto, Waikuru and Walapai. Of these, the Maricopa, or Coco-Maricopa, formerly in habited the region around the confluence of the Gila and Colorado rivers. Their descendants and the Pinsas, with whom they subsequently confederated, are now to be found in the Gila River Reservation to the number of about 400. They were an agricultural people and raised large crops by ton. Under missionary influence they have been civilized and are now Doted for their industry, their efforts at self improvement, and their manufactures of cotton cloth, baskets and pottery.
The Seri Indians (Opata, °Sine) speak a distinct language and live on Tiburn Island, in the Gulf of Ca ifornia, and the adjacent main land of Sonora, Mexico. Their houses are flimsy bowers of cactus and shrubbery, some times rudely shingled with turtle shells and sponges. They make graceful balsas of canes lashed together for use in navigating the strait between their island and the mainland. They also manufacture a very light pottery and some basketry. The modern Seris are loosely organ ized into a number of maternal groups or clans in which polygamy prevails. They manifest im placable hatred toward aliens whether Caucasian or Indian and regard the shedding of alien blood as a at virtue. The population of the tribe was formerly several thousands but by constant warfare this number has been greatly reduced.
The name Tonto (Spanish, °foolish') has been inappropriately applied by the Spanish colonists of Arizona in the 19th century to a number of Indian tribes, namely: (1) To the Tulkepaia, a tribe of the Yuman stock settled in 1875 oa San Carlos reservation Arizona. (2)
To the Eoyotero Apaches, an Athapascan tribe.
(3) To the Pinal Apaches of the same stock.
(4) To a mixture of Yavalcai (Yuman) men and Pinal women who have intermarried. The name has been especially applied to the last mentioned body, who formerly occupied Tonto Hula and the Pinal Mountains of central Arizona, whisoce some 500 of them were re moved to the Rio Verde reservation and later to the San Carlos reservation. They member about 700, and speak a mixed Yuman-Athapascan language.
The Mohave Indians reside in Arizona aid California in the region of the Colorado River. There were in 18% upward of 2.000 Mohave.
remising, 600 of whom live on the Coloreds River Reservation in Arizona. They are an agricultural people, rank high physically and are evert makers of pottery and baskets. They practised tattooing and cremated their that The Yuma reside in the valley of the lower orado River in Arizona and California. Poia about 655. The Cochimi were formerly the most of the tribes of Lower California bus are now extant They live mai* about Loreto Mission. The_ Cocoas formerly occupied the valley of the Colorado River up to the Gila junction, but the remaining members now live mostly la Mexican territory. The Havesupai occupy the of Cataract Credt. a branch of the Colorado Rivw, in nordrwessers Arizona. The Mohave Yavapai left the main tribe in the Colorado valley and !Orating the Rio Santa Maria district, in 1873 were re. moved to the Camp Verde agency; bat since 1875 they have been ender the Sao Caries agency. The Walapai originally eccalied the territory above the Mohave: on the Colorado River. The total number, 26000, who origi nally inhabited the United States, has bees greatly depleted and at present there are out more than 6,000 living within the limits of die United States on reservations. Bat many mar ben have become full-fledged citizens and as longer figure as wards of the United States Of these no record is kept.