ZOBRIR, Rahama, Egyptian pasha and Sudanese governor: b. 1830. He came of a family claiming descent from an uncle of Mo hammed. By 1860 he had established his leader ship among the Arab ivory and slave traders on the White Nile and in the Bahr-el-Ghseal. and although nominally an Egyptian subject he maintained a great army of blacks and was the real ruler of the surrounding countor. He de feated an expedition sent from Khartum to Bahr-el-Ghazal in 1869, but pleaded innocence in the matter, was pardoned and appointed governor of the district. In 1874 be conquered Darfur, and was made governor-general of the new province, but when he went to Cairo in 1876 the authorities prevented his return His son assumed his place in Bahr-el-Ghazal_ and under the instruction of Zobeir defied the forces of General Gordon, and in 1878 was subdued. In 1884, however, General Gordon. apprehensive of the Mandist movement. vainly asked that Zobeir be permitted to return in order to check it Zobeir was interned at Gibraltar in 1885-87, returned to Cairo in 1887, and after 1899 lived on his estates in his native country.
ZoCKLER, tsFle r, Otto, German Lu theran theologian! b. Gritriberg. Hesse. 27 May 1833; d. Greifswald, 9 Feb. 1006 He was cated in the universities of Giessen, Erlangen.
Halle, Ceittingen and Berlin, became a lecturer at the first-named in 1857, and in 1863 professor of theology. In 1866 he was appointed profes sor at Greifswald, and in 1885 consistorial coun cillor. He was one of the leaders of the mole ment toward the establishment of a state chunii in Prussia. In 1882 he became editor of the Kirchenseihusg. For the 'Kurz ment Kommentar sum Alten und Nenen Testament und zu den Apokryphen" (1886 et seq.), which he edited with Strack, he prepared the commentaries on the Old Testament apocry books, the Acts, and the epistles to the salonians and Galatians. Among his works are 'Hieronymus, scin Leben and Wirken' (1865); commentaries to Chronicles,JokProv erbs, Ecclesiastes, Canticles and Daniel, is Lange's 'Bibelwerk ) (1866-72; Eng. trans. 1870 et seq.). 'Das Kreuz Christi' (1875; Eng. trans. 1g77); 'Gottes Zeugen its Reich der Natur' (1881; 4th ed., 1906; Eng. trans. 1886); 'Biblische and Kirchen-historische Stucfient (1893); 'Die Tugcndlehre des Christentums' (1904); der Apologie des Christen turns' (edited by H. J. and E. Schlapp, 1907), etc.