ZOLLICOFFER, Felix Kirk, American soldier: b. Maury County, Term, 19 May 1812; d. near Mill Springs, Ky., 19 Jan 1862. He entered the printer's trade, published a weekly newspaper at Paris, Tenn.. for about a year, and afterward was editor of the Observer at Columbia. Tenn., his duties being temporarily interrupted by his service in the Seminole war. in which he rose to be a commissioned At Columbia he also published and edited an agricultural weekly. He became editor of the Nashville Banner, the leading Whig organ of Tennessee, in 1841: in 1844-49 was State comp troller; and in 1853-59 was a representative in Congress. In 1861 he entered the Confederate army with brigadier's rank. He was in im mediate command at the battle of Mill Springs. on the Cumberland, when Thomas drove the Confederates from the field, and achieved the first real victory for the National cause. Zolh coffer was killed within the Union lines, whither he had passed by mistake while on a tour of reconnaissance.
ZoLLNER, tsernfr, Johann Karl Fried rich, German physicist and astronomer 'It Berlin, 8 Nov. 1834; d. Leipzig, 25 April 188I Educated at Berlin and Basel, he became a lecturer in the University of Leipzig in 1865, in 1866 professor extraordinary of physical astronomy, and in 1872 professor ordinary. He made numerous contributions to astronomical science. These included the determination of
the reflective capacity (albedo) of many planets and a study of their thermal conditions; photo metric investigations of the Mercurian phases; and a study, through observation, of the in tensity of solar radiations at their of the solar temperature. His 'Grundzuge enter allegemeinen Photometric des Hinunels (1861) contained the description of a new instrument, the astrophotometer for the measurement of the light and color of stars. To the publications of the Royal Saxon Scientific Society he fur nished many papers on the physical constitu tion of the sun and stars; and he constructed instruments. die Natur (1872; 3d ed. 1883) expounded the theory that the brightness of comets is due not to the fact that they are incandescent through heat but that they are glowing with electricity. Winer was latterly interested in sritualism. Among his further volumes are 'Photometrische Untersuchungen) 11. I, and 'Veber die nniverselle Bedeutung der • chan ischen (1867). Ftfiche Abhandlungen) (4 vols., 187R-82). C • dt the study by F. Kiirber (Berlin 1899). and t:lerke, A. M., History of Astronomy in the 19th Cen tury' (London 1903).