ZULULAND, zooloo-Lind, South Africa, a country lying on the southeast coast of Africa, now a province of Natal, and since 31 May 1910 a part of the South African Union; it is bounded on the north by Portuguese East Africa and the Transvaal and on the west by the Orange Free State. Area, '10,424 square miles. The principal rivers are the Tugela, on the Natal boundary; the Buffalo, which joins the Tugela on the left, about midway up the Natal frontier, and forms the remaining por tion of the boundary between Natal and Zulu land; and the Uenvolosi, which flows into Saint Lucia Bay. From the coast at Saint Lucia a range of mountains called the Libombo range runs northward nearly parallel to the coast, separating the country into two regions. The coast region is malarial, but fertile, and is chiefly by the whites. The in land region is comparatively healthful and if fertile. Rich gold reefs have been found, and exc.( !lent coal exist%. The coal is being worked and a railway has been constructed for 98 milt, along the coast, extending north from Dunbar. There are great plantations of sagas. cereals, fruits and vegetables. The cons try, which was on 30 Dec. 1897 annexed to the colony of Natal, is mainly inhabited by the Zulus, who have loo g been distinguished as the most warlike of the ICaffir tribes. The country inhabited by the Zulus was formerly much more extensive. In the beginning of 1879 the Zaki king, Cetewayo or Ketchwayo, with a large army of fairly disciplined troops armed with rifles, came into collision with the British in South Africa. This was partly due to a long standing dispute as to the claims of the Zulus to the Utrecht district in the southeastern angle of the Transvaal, partly to other causes, which at last induced Sir Bartle Freer., the governor-general of the British provinces to South Africa, to send an ultimatum to Cete wayo. To this no reply was sent, and war ensued. On 22 January a portion of a British
column was attacked at a place called ism dula or Isandhlwaria, about 10 miles from Rorke's Drift on the Buffalo, by 20,000 Zulus, and completely destroyed. As soon as possible after the news of the disaster reached Fog land, strong reinforcements were sent out, and on 4 July following the Zulu army was totally defeated at Ulundi. On 28 August Cetewayo was captured. Meanwhile Sir Garnet (later Lord) Wolseley had arrived with supreme military and civil authority in this pan of Africa, and the Zulu territory was parceled out by him among several chieftains wen placed under the paramount supremacy of the British government, and were not to be al lowed to keep up standing armies or to import firearms or ammunition. British residents were appointed, one in North and one in South Zululand. In 1883 Cetewayo was restored to a portion of his dominions, but was opposed b) some of the chiefs. After severe firehtizuz be placed himself in the hands of the British a' Ekowe or Eshowe, where he died in 1884 Subsequently the Boers of the Transvaal made themselves masters of a considerable portion of the territory and incorporated it with their own republic. In 1885 the British as sumed a protectorate over the coast of the country and in 1887 annexed all the rest. Ton galand was later incorporated with Zululand and was annexed with it to Natal. An up rising among the Zulus occurred in 1906 and its leader Dinizulu was captured and tater tried for high treason. He was imprisoned but afterward was pardoned and pensioned_ Pop. about 219,606, of whom the whites number about Icent. Consult I J F. 'Natalia: of Natal and Zulu r land' (1897); Stuart, j., 'A Histo of the Zulu Rebellion' (1906; new ed., 1913).
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