BAHAWALPUR, ba-ha'wal-poor, India, town and capital of a state of the same name in the Punjab, two miles from the Sutlej. It is surrounded by a mud wall and contains the extensive palace of the Nawab, a vast square pile with towers at the corners. It has under ground rooms, which afford a more comfortable temperature in the warm season than the upper rooms. Silk goods are manufactured, also tur bans, chintzes and other cottons, and the imme diate neighborhood is remarkably fertile, pro ducing grain, sugar, indigo, tobacco, with an abundance of mangoes, oranges, apples and other fruits. Pop. (1911) 18,716. The state has an area of 17,285 square miles, of which 10,000 is desert, the only cultivated lands lying along the Indus and Sutlej. Cultivation largely depends upon irrigation, which has been con siderably extended in recent times, with a great increase to the state revenue. The chief crops are cereals, cotton and indigo. Beasts of chase, such as tigers and boars, abound; domestic ani mals, camels, Icine, buffaloes, goats and sheep are raised. The exports are cotton, sugar, in digo, hides, drugs, dyestuffs and wool. Baha walpur is traversed by the Punjab Railway. For
external commerce it is favorably placed. It stands at the junction of three routes from the east, southeast and south ; while, toward the north, the Hindu merchants have dealings with Bokhara and even with Astrakhan. The polit ical relations between the British government and the state are regulated by a treaty con chided in 1838. No tribute is exacted from the Nawab. Pop. (1911) 780,641.
BAHlA, Brazil, a state of that republic, bounded on the north by the states of Sergipe, Alagoas, Pernambuco and Piauhy, on the east by the Atlantic Ocean and Sergipe, on the south by Espiritu Santo and Minas Geraes, and on the west by Pernambuco, Piauhy, Goyaz and Minas Geraes. The larger part of the state is mountainous. The rivers form two sys tems— the first composed of tributaries to the Sio Francisco and the second of those streams making their way directly to the At lantic Ocean. The most noteworthy single feature in the coast-line is the great bay °of all the saints* on the northeastern side of which was estabiished, by Tomas de Souza in 1549 the capital of the state. See BAHfA (the city), and BRAzn...