BARNARD, Edward Emerson, American astronomer: b. Nashville, Tenn., 16 Dec. 1857. He learned photography in a studio as a boy, and began astronomical studies alone. He studied at the Vanderbilt University and Uni versity of the 'Pacific, and received degrees from many sources, including those of hon. Sc.D. from Vanderbilt, LL.D., Queens (Can ada). He was in charge of the Vanderbilt University Observatory, 1883-87. He was astron omer in Lick Observatory, California, 1887-95, and then became professor in Chicago Univer sity. His principal discoveries are the fifth satel lite of Jupiter tn 1892 and 16 comets. He has rnade photographs of the Milky Way, the comets, nebnlae, etc. He is professor of practical as tronomy, Chicago University, and astronomer at Yerkes Observatory, Williams Bay., Wis., since 1895. He accompanied the United States naval total eclipse expedition to Sumatra (1901) ; received the Lalande gold medal of the Paris Academy in 1892, the Arago gold medal in 1893, the Janssen gold medal (1900), the gold medal of the Royal Astronomical Society of Great Britain (1907), and the Janssen' prize from the Societe Astronomique de France (1906). He is F.A.A. (vice-presi
dent, 1898) Astronomical and Astrophysics Society of America; associate fellow, Ameri can Academy of Arts and Sciences; fellow of the American Philosophical Society; honor member, Royal Astronomical Society (Can ada); former associate and fellow, Royal As-. tronomical Society; member, Societe Astro nomique de France; and member of the National Academy of Sciences. He published (Micrometrical Observations of Eros made during Opposition of 1900-01' (1902).