LEONARD CALVERT, younger brother of Cecilius, was sent out by the latter as first gov ernor of the new colony: b. about 1606; d. June 1647. He set sail 22 Nov. 1633, in the Ark and the Dove-, with about 200 Roman Catholic set tlers of good families; arrived 24 Feb. 1634, at Point Comfort, landed 25 March on an island in the Potomac, which they named Saint Clem ent's, and founded on the site of an abandoned Indian village a town, Saint Mary's. long since deserted. He met an Englishman, Capt. Henry Fleet, who had lived some years among the Indians and helped him to gain their consent to the settlement. But he found Kent Island in the Chesapeake, the great island opposite Annapolis, settled by one William Claiborne (q.v.), under a grant from the dissolved Vir ginia company, effectively enough to have a representative in the Virginia legislature. Cal vert claimed right of property and political jurisdiction over the island, Claiborne denied both, and Virginia upheld Him; and the war fare that ensued embroiled the two colonies for many years, cornplicating itself with the issue of Churclunen against Catholics, then (by the oddest irony of fate) with Cavaliers in Vir ginia against the Puritans who had overborne the Catholics in Maryland, and finally with a rankling boundary dispute. Claiborne poisoned the Indians' minds against the Marylanders as a set of treacherous Spaniards; Calvert sent an expedition against him, which captured rivo boats, with mutual loss of life, in April and May 1635. Claiborne had further losses, and became bankrupt, but in 1637 bought of the In dians Palmer's Island, at the head of Chesa peake Bay, as beyond Baltimore's grant, and petitioned for an injunction against Baltimore's interfering with him. The commissioners of plantation refused him the grant, despite his purchase, on the ground that he had only a trading license. Meantime Kent Island con tinued insubordinate, and Calvert had to make an expedition against it in person, reducing it and occupying Palmer's Island also, and captur ing one of Claiborne's lieutenants, who was put to death for piracy and murder in the former troubles. Calvert now undertook to introduce the feudal system contemplated by his father's charter; but as the freemen's consent was neces sary to this, and they refused to give it to their own abasement, the scheme was blocked and in fact never carried out. The civil war of
1642 having broken out, cautious steering was needed to avoid risking confiscation from one side or the other, and Calvert went to England to consult his brother, leaving one Brent as deputy, who brought on the very catastrophe dreaded, by seizing a Parliamentary vessel and imprisoning the captain, Richard Ingle. InOe escaped, obtained letters of marque from Parlia ment, allied himself with Claiborne, who had been made the treasurer of Virginia for life by the King, but had no politics except for his own hand, and by the time Calvert returned with a netv commission in 1644 had possession of the colony and was plundering right and left. Cal vert, in an attempt at repossession, was defeated and fled to Virginia, which had remained loyal to the King, and appealed to the colonial gov ernment for help; they refused to give it; finally he got a force together, and in December 1646 returned and drove Ingle out — one of the fly ing rebels, however, carrying off all the early records of the colony, which have never re appeared. He died the next year, leavtng an unfortunate provisional appointment of a suc cessor, which made even worse trouble for the colony than the last deputy.
Jomsr, the 3d lord; CHARLES, the 4th; BENE Drcr, the 5th; CHARLES, the 6th; and FREDERICK, the 7th and last, complete the roll. FREDERICK was a foolish and worthless ralce, and perhaps worse. Born in 1731, he died 14 Sept. 1771,1eav ing no legitimate heirs, but apparently a natural brood of some ability. The propriety rights in Maryland were bequeathed to a child Henry Harford, but four years later were rendered worthless by the Revolution.
Biblidgraphy.-- (Dict. National
(London) ; Browne, W. H.,