VERSIONS : Schaff, Ph., 'A Companion to the Greek Testament and the English Version) (New York 1889); Westcott, B. F., 'A Gen eral View of the History of the English Bible' (1869; 3d ed., 1905); 'History of the New Testament Canon' (1855); Loisy, A., (His toire du texte et des versions de la Bible) (1895); Kenyon, F. G., 'Our Bible and the Ancient Manuscripts, being a History of the Text and its Translation' (1896); Swete, H. B., 'An Introduction to the Old Testament in Greek' (1900), and article, (Bible Translation,' in the Schaff-Herzog 'Encyclopmdia' (New York 1908-11); Lortsch, 'Histoire de la Bible en France' (1910); Margolis, M. L., 'The Story of Bible Translations' (1917).
Among more general works should be named Lightfoot, J., (Horm Hebraim et Talmudicm' (1684); Rawlinson, H. C., 'The Cuneiform Inscriptions of VVestern Asia' (1861-84); Schiirer, E., (Geschichte des jiidischen Volkes, etc.', (1890); Eng. trans.); Stade, B., (Geschichte des Volkes Israel) (1881-88); Maspero, G., (Histoire ancienne dcs peuples de l'Orient) (1895-) ; Meyer, E., 'Die Entstehung des Judenthums) (1896); Weizsacker, K.1 'Das apostolische Zeitalter, etc.' (1886); Rttschl, A., 'Die Entstehung der altkatholischen Kirche) (1850),
(1910). Among countless JourtNALs, besides the publications of learned societies, may he named: The American Journal of Theology (1897-) ; Bibliotheca Sacra (1£344-); Hebraica (1884-95), continued as American Journal of Semitic Languages and Literatures (1895-); Harvard Theological Review (1908-) ; Prince ton Theological Review (1890-) ; Journal of Theological Studies; Jewish Quarterly Review; Expositor; Expository Times; Menzies' Re view of Theology and Philosophy (1905-) ; Revue biblique; Revue dcs Etudes juives; Re vue archeologique; Revue Semitique; Studien und Kritiken; Hilgenfeld's Zeitschrift fiir wis senschaftliche Theologie (1858-); Zeitschrift fiir die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft (1881-); Zeitschrift fiir die neutestamentliche Wissen :chaff, etc. (1900-); Archiv fiir Religions wissenschaft (1897-) ; Theologische Literatur zeitung; Theologisch Tijdschrift (18b7-); Didaskaleion (1912-) ; invaluable the Theo logischer Jahresbericht (1881-). Among works of REVERENCE : William Smith's 'Dictionary of the Bible' (1860-65), superseded by Hasting's 'Dictionary of the Bible' (1898 et seq.); Vigouroux, F., (Dictionnaire de la Bible' 089s et seq.); Migne, J. J., 'Encyclopedic The ologique' (11347). The highest critical level is attained by Cheyne and Black's (Encyclopmdia Biblica' (1899-1903); invaluable the 'Jewish Encyclopedia) (1901-06), a treasure-house of lcnowledge elsewhere almost inaccessible. Valu able also the 'Catholic Encyclopedia' (1907 12). The great French and German en cyclopmdias have enlisted the highest abilities of the masters of criticism, as the Schaff Herzog (Real-Encyclopiclie (Eng., New York 1908-11). If from the foregoing it should appear that Biblical criticism, especially the 'Introduction,' has been in large measure a German discipline, thc reason is to be sought in the Reformation and the more tolerant con ditions it engendered, as compared with the firm and often harsh repression that has uni formly met the struggling religious spirit both in the East and in the West.