BONAPARTE, Louis (Coutrr OF SAINT LEU), second younger brother of the Emperor Napoleon I and father of Napoleon III: b. Ajaccio, Corsica, 2 Sept. 1778; d. Leghorn, Italy, 25 July 1846. He was educated in the artillery school at Chalons, accompanied Na poleon to Italy, and afterward to Egypt. He subsequently rose to the rank of a brigadier general, and in 1802 married Hortense Eugenie Beauharnais, Napoleon's step-daughter (see BEAUHARNAIS, HORTENSE EUGENIE), from whom he separated in 181,0. In 1806, on Schimmelpen ninck, grand pensionary of Holland, demitting his office, Louis Bonaparte was compelled by his brother, notwithstanding his protestations, to accept the Dutch crown. The difficult situa tion in which he was placed rendered it impos sible for him to be anything else than a mere viceroy of Napoleon; but to his credit it must be recorded that he exerted himself to the tit most'in promoting the welfare of his new sub With all his efforts, however, he found himself unable to restore the finances of the country to a healthy condition: a quarrel took place between him and his brother relative to the continental system maintained by the latter, which had proved most injurious to Dutch com merce, and on 1 June 1810 he abdicated the sovereignty and retired to Gratz under the title of the Count of Saint Leu. Holland was there
upon annexed to France. In 1814 Louis paid a visit to Paris and strongly counseled his brother to make .peace with the allies. After the Restoration he took up his abode at Rome; in 1826 he removed to Florence, and from thence, a short time after his son's escape from the fortress of Ham, to Leghorn. •