BONAPARTE, Lucien (PRINCE OF CANS No), next younger brother of Napoleon' I: b. Ajaccio, Corsica, 21 March 1775; d. Viterbo, Italy, 29 June 1840. He emigrated to Marseilles in 1793, and made himself conspicuous as a hot headed Republican by addressing revolutionary clubs and publishing bombastic pamphlets. Shortly after, having been appointed to a situa tion in the commissariat at the small town of Saint Maximin in Provence, he married the inn keeper's daughter. He made a narrow escape during the Reign of Terror, and in 1796 was appointed commisary at war, and on his elec tion as a member of the Council of Five Hun dred, took up his residence in Paris. He is said to have written to his brother in Egypt complaining of the incapacity of the executive Directory, and urging his return; and in 1799, when the council wished to outlaw Napoleon, Lucien, who was president, after manfully re sisting the motion, slipped quietly out of the chair in the confusion and sent in soldiers who cleared the hall. The revolution thus mainly accomplished by his decisive procedure led to the establishment of the consular government, and Lucien was a member of the commission which framed its constitution. Afterward ap pointed Minister of the Interior, he was in the encouragement of education, art and science and organized the prefectures. As Am bassador to Madrid (1800) he contrived to gain the confidence of King Charles IV and his favorite, Godoy, and to undermine the Brit ish influence, which had until then been para mount at the court of Spain. On his return to Paris in 1802 he was a member of the tribunate, and then a senator, and having lost his first wife, married a stockbroker's widow. This marriage, and other concurring causes, appear to have given deep offense to Napoleon, and in the enactment fixing the succession to the crown, while Joseph and Louis were named eventual heirs Lucien and Jerome were not mentioned. The crowns of Italy and Spain were offered Lucien on condition of his divorc ing his wife, but he refused them and chose a retired life, devoting himself to art and science. He fixed his residence at Rome, where he ap pears to have gained the good graces of Pius VII, who created him, in 1814, Prince of Can ino. During Napoleon's haughty treatment of the Pope, Lucien freely expressed his displeas ure, and apparently despairing of a reconcilia tion with his brother, or perhaps not caring to ask for it, he embarked for the United States in 1810, but had not proceeded far when he was captured by a British cruiser and carried to Malta. Ultimately he was brought to Eng land and allowed to reside on parole near Lud low Castle. Here he employed much of his time in writing a poem entitled ou l'Eglise After the battle of Water loo his brother appointed him his extraordinary commissioner to the chamber of deputies. He showed no lack of zeal in endeavoring to arouse a feeling of sympathy, but found the attempt vain and had to leave matters to take their course. He afterward returned to Italy. Be
sides the poem which has been translated into English, he wrote another, called Cyrneide ou la Corse Sauvee,) and an auto biography, published during his lifetime.
By his first wife, Lucien had two daughters; by his second nine children. • His eldest son, CHARLES LUCIEN JULES LAURENT BONAPARTE, Prince of Canino and Musignano: b. Paris, 24 May 1803; d. 30 July 1857, achieved a consider able reputation as a naturalist, chiefly in or nitholog.y. He published a continuation of Wil son's of America' (1825-33) ; the della Fauna Italica) (1832-41) ; his chef d'oeuvre, etc. During the later years of his life he took a prominent part in Italian affairs as a supporter of the Liberal party. One of his sons was Cardinal Lucien Bonaparte (1828-95). PAUL MARIE BONAPARTE, the sec ond son, b. 1808, took part in the Greek war of liberation and died by the accidental dis charge of a pistol in 1827. The third son, LOUIS LUCIEN BONAPARTE (b. Thorngrove, England, 1813; d. 1891), early devoted himself with equal ardor to chemistry, mineralogy and the study of languages, and became an authority of the first rank in Basque, Celtic and comparative philology generally. His election for Corsica in 1848 was annulled, but he was sent to the Constituent Assembly for the Seine department next year, and was made senator in 1852. The total number of separate books written either by himself or at his instigation and encourage ment amounted to no less than 222. Among these are a translation of Saint Matthew's ver sion of the parable of the sower into 72 lan guages and dialects of Europe (1857) ; a lin guistic map of the seven Basque provinces, showing the delimitation of the and its division into dialects, sub-dialects and varieties (1863) ; a Basque version of the Bible in the Labourdin dialect (1865) ; a treatise on the Basque verb (1869), etc. A great work produced under his patronage from 1858 to 1860 was a version of the Song of Sol omon in 22 different English dialects, besides four in Lowland Scotch and one in Saxon. Fie lived long in England, where a Civil List sion of $1,250 was granted to him in 1883.
The fourth son, PIERRE NAPOLEON BONAPARTE (1815-78), passed through many changes of for tune in America, Italy and Belgium and re turned to France in 1848. In 1870 he shot a journalist, Victor Noir, a deed which created great excitement in Paris; and being tried, was acquitted of the charge of murder, but con demned to pay $5,000 to Victor Noir's relatives. The youngest son, ANTOINE BONAPARTE (1816. 77), fled to the United States after an affair with the papal troops in 1836, and returned to France in 1848, where he was elected to the National Assembly in 1849.