BORGHESE, Camillo Filipo Ludovico, formerly Duke of Guastalla, Prince of France, etc.: b. 1775; d. Florence, 10 April 1832. When the French invaded Italy he entered their serv ice and showed great attachment to the cause, in particular to General Bonaparte, whose sister, Marie Pauline, he married. In 1804 he became a French prince and received the grand cross of the Legion of Honor, and at the outbreak of war against Austria, 1805, became commander of a squadron of the imperial guard. After its termination his wife received the duchy of Guastalla and he was created Duke of Guastalla. After having served in 1806 in the campaign against the Prussians and Russians, and after having been sent to Warsaw to pre pare the Poles for a revolt, the Emperor ap pointed him governor-general of the provinces beyond the Alps. He fixed his court at Turin and became very popular among the Piedmont ese. After the abdication of Napoleon he broke up all connection with the Bonaparte family and separated from his wife. The
Prince sold to the French government for the sum of 8,000,000 francs 322 works of art which ornamented the palace of his ancestors, known under the name of the Villa Borghese. Among them were several masterpieces; for example, the (Borghese Gladiator,) the the 'Silenus,' the 'Dying Seneca,) (Amor and Psyche.' Bonaparte provided for the payment out of the national domains in Piedmont, which the King of Sardinia confiscated in 1815; at the same time, in consequence of the second invasion of France, the Prince received back part of these treasures of art. In 1818 he sold Lucedio, in Savoy, for 3,000,000 livres. In the kingdom of Naples he possessed the princi palities Sulmone and Rosano. He was one of the richest Italian princes.