The Branch of the Bourbons Known as the House of Orleans.— This branch raised to the throne of France by the revolution of 1830, and deprived of it by that of 1848, derives its origin, as already mentioned, from Duke Philip I of Orleans (d. 1701), second son of Louis XIII, and only brother of Louis XIV. By his second wife, Charlotte of the Palatinate, he left as his successor in the dukedom his son Philip, known as Duke of Chartres during his father's lifetime, and was regent of France dur ing the minority of Louis XV. Philip, second duke, was succeeded by his son, Louis Philip (b. 1703), who married a princess of Baden and died in retirement in 1752, leaving a son of the same name, Louis Philip, Duke of Or leans, who was born in 1725 and died in 1785. The son of the last-mentioned duke was Louis Joseph Philip, the Duke of Orleans, whose name figures in the first French revolution, who perished on the scaffold in 1793, after he had laid aside his princely name the year be fore and assumed that of °Citizen Egalite.° He left four children: (1) Louis Philip, be fore the revolution Duke of Chartres, after his father's death Duke of Orleans, from 1830 to 1848 King of France, died 26 Aug. 1850, leaving a numerous family; (2) the Duke of Montpensier, who died in England in 1807; (3) the Count de Beaujolais, who died at Malta in 1808; and (4) a daughter, Adelaide, Mademoiselle dOrleans, born in 1777, died 31 Dec. 1847. The eldest son of King Louis Philip was Ferdinand, Duke of Orleans (b. 1810, d. 1842), who married a daughter of Frederick Louis of Mecklenburg-Schwerin and left two sons: (1) Louis Philip, Count de Paris, b. Paris, 24 Aug. 1838; and (2) Robert, Duke of Chartres, b. Paris 1840. Louis Philip having abdicated in favor of the former in 1848, the Comte de Paris till his death in 1894 was looked upon by the Orleanists as the true heir to the throne. He was married to his cousin, Isabella, a daughter of the Duke of Montpensier, and left issue. His son, the Duke of Orleans, is now regarded by the Monarchists as the legitimate heir to the throne.
The In 1700 Louis XIV placed his grandson Philip, Duke of Anjou, on the Spanish throne, who as Philip V founded the Bourbon dynasty in Spain. Philip V was succeeded in 1746 by his son, Ferdinand VI, who, dying in 1759 without heirs, was suc ceeded by his brother, Charles III. To him succeeded (1788) his son Charles IV, who, in 1808, resigned the throne in favor of a successor nominated by Napoleon, and died at Naples in 1819. His son Fernando, Prince of the Astu rias, obtained the crown on the fall of Napoleon and reigned as Ferdinand VII, dying 29 Sept. 1833, and leaving behind him two daughters by his third marriage, the elder of whom succeeded him as Isabella II. She was married, in 1846,
to her cousin Francisco de Assis. In 1868 she had to leave Spain in consequence of the revo lution, and in 1870 she renounced her claims to the throne in favor of her son Alphonso, who became Alphonso XII, and died in 1885, his son, Alphonso XIII, succeeding him.
The Royal Line of the Two Sicilies. The Two Sicilies being then a possession of the Spanish monarchy, in 1735 Don Carlos, the younger son of Philip V of Spain, obtained the crown and reigned over Sicily and Naples as Charles III. In 1759, however, he succeeded his brother Ferdinand VI on the Spanish throne when he transferred the Two Sicilies to his third son Fernando (Ferdinand IV), on the express condition that this crown should not be again united with Spain. Ferdinand IV had to leave Naples in 1806; but after the fall of Napoleon he again became king of both Sicilies under the title of Ferdinand I. He was succeeded by his son Francis I in 1825; Francis was succeeded by his son Ferdinand II in 1830; and the latter was succeeded by his son Francis II in 1859, who was deprived of the kingdom in 1860.
The Ducal Line of line, like that of the Two Sicilies, was founded by a son of Philip V of Spain, namely: Don Philip, his youngest son, who obtained the duchies of Parma and Piacenza in 1748. Louis, grandson of Don obtained Tuscany like wise (1802), with the title of King of Etruria. The family did not long retain this honor, how ever, being soon forced by the power of France to give up not only Etruria, but also Parma and Piacenza; and, it was not till 1847 that there was again a Bourbon Duke of Parma. In 1859 the reigning Duke, Robert, had to leave his dominions, which were soon incorporated in the kingdom of Italy. Consult Coiffier Demoret, (Histoire du Bourbonnais et des Bourbons' (1824) ; Achaintre, (Histoire Chron ologique et Genealogique de la Maison Royale de Bourbon) (1825) ; Coxe, of the Kings of Spain of the House of Bourbon' (1815) ; Lehes, des Bourbons de France, d'Espagnc, de Naples, et de Panne' (1880) ; Bingham (The Marriages of the Bour bons' (1890) ; Dussicux, (Genealogie de la Maison de Bourbon de 1256 a 1869' (Paris 1869) ; Stenger, (Le Retour des (Paris 1908).
lan-se, French water ing place, department SaOne-et-Loire, 52 miles south-southeast of Nevers by rail, famous for its thermal springs, containing chloride of sodium and iron. Its situation is notably fine, and by the Romans it was called Aqua Nisineii or Nis ienses. Remains of the Roman baths are still to be seen here, and the town contains a hospi tal, built by the Marquis d'Aligre, with 400 beds. Pop. 4,469.