CAESAREA, ses-a-rea, the ancient name of many cities: (1) CESARE:A P H ILIPPI, or PANEAS (deriving its second name from the local deity, Pan, to whom the neighboring grotto, the source of the river Jordan, was dedicated), named after Philip, tetrarch of Galilee, son of Herod the Great, who founded it in 3-2 a.c., near the source of the Jordan on the southern slope of Mount Hermon. It is mentioned twice in the Gospels. On its site is the small modern village of Banias. It fell into the hands of the Crusaders in 1130 but was recaptured by the Moslems (1165). (2) CASAREA PALESTINA or STRATONIS, on the shores of the Mediter ranean, about 55 miles northwest from Jeru salem. It was built with great magnificence by Herod the Great, named in honor of Augustus Caesar, and became the metropolis of Palestine, and the seat of the Roman proconsul, as well as a busy seaport owing to the fact that Herod, who encouraged commerce, built there one of the finest ports on the coast, and pro tected it by a br, ter, the ruins of which still exist there. It was the place where Herod Agrippa was smitten by the angel (Acts xii, 20-23), where Cornelius the centurion resided (x), and Saint Paul was imprisoned two years (xxiii-xxv). It was a place of some import
ance during the Crusades, but is now a scene of ruin and of utter desolation. Eusebius was bishop of Caesarea. (3) The ancient capital of Cappadocia in Asia Minor, originally called Mazaca, and now Kaisarieh. It is situated in the southeast of the vilayet of Angora, at the foot of the Erjish Dagh, about 160 miles to the southeast of the town of Angora. It was once supposed to contain 400,000 inhabitants. It has now about 70,000 inhabitants, and itssition makes it a place of considerable The manufacture of carpets, though of quite recent introduction, is of some importance. Foreign goods are received by way of the railway from Angora to Constantinople. The name Caesarea dates from the time of Tiberius, and under Valerian the city was captured by Sapor, when a large number of its inhabitants were slain.