On the Pacific Coast the city of Vancouver, British Columbia, has gained a high reputation, especially for its technical night schools.
III. Railway Employee In Stratford (Grand Trunk shops), in Saint Thomas (New York Central shops), in Mon treal (Canadian Pacific shops). A successful training is given to young lads who enter the shops about the age of 13 to 15. The hours in the morning are taken from the company's time, and the teaching is done in the shop precincts. Shop mechanics, workshop practice, mechanical drawing— also mechanics, elec tricity, car construction, and, if desired, teleg raphy and shorthand are taught.
IV. Agriculture and The cry of the agriculturist preceded that of the manufacturer and the first ambitious design of Canadians to improve agriculture. Hence the provincial demand in almost every case is for technology on the farm. After several weak attempts in Nova Scotia at agricultural teaching the college at Truro was begun there in 1905. It has been a popular institution and draws its pupils from the three maritime prov inces of Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island. The summer school of science, which has existed in Nova Scotia for some 30 years, has been merged into the Agri cultural College at Truro, which for the last 10 years (1908-18) has been well maintained in this town. From 200 to 500 teachers of public schqols attend the six weeks' course in training supplied by the Agricultural College at Truro. The province meets the expense of traveling and maintenance for the session and is doing a large work for the maritime prov inces of Canada. Two excellent agricultural colleges a.e found in the province of Quebec, viz., the Macdonald College at Saint Anne and the Oka College in the Ottawa River District. The former of these is 20 miles from Montreal and its farms and beautiful buildings are the gift of Sir William Macdonald, a wealthy manufacturer of Montreal. It is divided into three parts: a school of agriculture, a school for teachers and a school for household science. Registration, tuition, board and laboratory fees are charged. Various courses are given in hor ticulture, farming, etc., making the institution a boon to the province and attracting consider able numbers from other provinces. Chiefly for the benefit of the element of French-speak ing people in Quebec, who are largely farmers, the Oka College was. after some 14 years of more or less successful existence, reorganized in 1909. It is affiliated with the French Uni versity (Laval) in Quebec. It is well housed and has a farm of 1,800 acres, 700 under culti vation. Its laboratories are well equipped and it has a good technical laboratory. Both the French and English languages are taught in the college. Forestry is taught and Quebec has the most complete fire protection of its forests of any province of the Dominion. The college an nouncement says: °Agricultural tastes and agri cultural education produce a virile nation I' The examinations are conducted by the authori ties of Laval University. In Ontario, the Provincial Agricultural College of the province is situated near the city of Guelph. It is one of the most notable agricultural colleges on the American continent. It has a staff of 46 in
structors, and lately a branch for women was opened. In 1909 there were 1,296 students in attendance. It gives courses for rural teachers. The college course that leads to a degree at Toronto University is four years. There are over 5,000 members of the Farmer's Union who are conducting agricultural experiments .and re porting each year to the college authorities. This college has been the alma mater or edu cator of professors in agriculture in the other Provinces of the Dominion, and also in many of the agricultural colleges in the United States. The Agricultural College of the province of Manitoba, with its 8 or 10 buildings, is the most magnificent of the agricultural colleges of the Dominion, costing some $4,000,000. It is affiliated with the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, and has a complete staff. It has educated bands of students and conducts exten sivecourses, lectures, etc., throughout the province. It aims at reaching large numbers of the people by holding summer schools, uniting several professions and devoting itself heartily to prairie life. The Saskatchewan Agricultural College is a part of the University of Saskatche wan, which is located at the city of Saskatoon. Its extensive work has been very widespread. The faculty proposes to develop along lines of investigation, teaching and extension NN Tic. Its extension work has taken die following forms: Encouraging agricultural societies and competi tion in stock and farming, farmers' institutes, excursions to experimental farms and seed grain farms, institutes, farmers' and women's clubs. The government gives a liberal appro priation for this work. Alberta and British Columbia are newly established universities and both have agricultural farms maintained by the Dominion. No doubt they will develop largely along the line of those of the provinces of Manitoba and Saskatchewan. The Conserva tion Commission of Canada, with its head quarters at Ottawa, has done in its seven years of service in agricultural problems, health, town-planning and forest protection, protection of game and fish, notable work in technical research.
V. Special In different prov inces are found special features: (a) Mining schools with 673 pupils in attendance are found in 29 places in Nova Scotia; (b) in connection with Saskatchewan agricultural department of the University at Saskatoon extension work takes place for experimental farms, farmers' institutes, agricultural societies, farmers' and women's clubs, etc. This is a peripatetic ex periment. In 1916 the Dominion government urged on by learned societies established an Honorary Advisory Council of Scientific and Industrial Research in Canada. This council was closely attached to leading departments of the Dominion government at Ottawa. Several scientists of world-wide reputation, such as Dr. Macallum, Dr. F. D. Adams, Dr. J. C. Mc Lennan and Dr. A. S. Mackenzie were placed on it. Leaders in trade, agriculture, labor and research were chosen to deal with natural re sources, waste products, forestry, farming and pressing industrial problems. This movement has been viewed in Canada with universal approbation.