CARLOS DE BOURBON, Dox MARIA Isima, second son of Charles IV of Spain and brother of Ferdinand VII: b. 29 March 1788; d. Trieste, 10 March 1855. In 1808 he was com pelled by Napoleon along with his brother, who had now succeeded to the throne, to renounce all claims to the succession, and was detained with Ferdinand in captivity at Valencay in France till 1814. In 1816 he married Maria Francisca d'Assis, daughter of John VI of Por tugal, his brother, the of Spain, having at the same time espoused another daughter of John as his second wife. This last marriage, likeFerdinand's first, having turned out un productive of issue, a prospect opened to Don Carlos of succeeding to the crown, which al most assumed the shape of absolute certainty when a third marriage contracted by Ferdinand proved equally unsuccessful with the two for mer in producing an heir to the Spanish mon archy. On the death of Ferdinand's third wife in 1829 he again married, and, by a praFrnatic sanction, the contingency of a female heir was provided for by the repeal of the Salic law, which excluded such from the throne. On 10 Oct. 1830, Maria Isabella, afterward Queen of Spain, was born. In 1832 Don Carlos' party succeeded by taking advantage of the King's imbecile condition in obtaining a repeal of the pragmatic sanction; but this advantage was temporary, as Ferdinand disowned his act on recovering the use of his reason. The follow ing year Don Carlos was exiled with his wife to Portugal; and having refused to return to be present at the taking of the oath of alle giance to the young Queen, he was commanded by Ferdinand to retire to the Papal States. On
29 Sept. 1833 Ferdinand VII died, and a few days afterward his consort, the Queen-regent, repeated the order to his brother to quit the country. The latter, however, now announced himself as legitimate King of Spain, and was recognized as such by a considerable party who excited a civil war in his favor, and thence forward were designated by the title of Carlists. After a course of hostilities extending over several years with varying success, he found himself obliged in 1839 to take shelter in France. In the meantime he and his descend ants had been formally excluded from the succession by a vote of the Cortes in 1836. On arriving in France the castle of Bourges was assigned him as a residence, and he was also detained a prisoner there for a considerable time owing to his refusal to make the renuncia tions demanded of him. In 1845 he resigned his claims in favor of his eldest son, and in 1847 was permitted to take up his abode in Trieste, where he died. Consult Baumgarten, 'Geschichte Spaniens' (Leipzig 1861) ; Butler Clarke, (Modern Spain) (Cambridge 1906) with a useful bibliography; Hume, (Modern Spain' (London 1906), an account by one whose family took a considerable part in the events of the first half of the book, and who himself witnessed much of what is related in the last half.