CARNEGIE ENDOWMENT FOR IN TERNATIONAL PEACE, an institution created and maintained by a fund of $10,000,000 set apart by Andrew Carnegie in 1910. The purpose of the Endowment, as outlined by one of its prominent active members, Dr. Nicholas Murray Butler, president of Columbia University is 'to work for the promotion of peaceful de velopment of civilization by aiding and develop ing, supporting and directing the forces needful to bring about the prevention of war, the per fection of means for the establishment of arbi tral justice between nations, and the develop ment of a world congress or parliament, a high international court, and an international police, and to take such steps and promote such under takings as shall bring about the substitution of law and justice for war as a means of settling international disputes and The trustees selected by Mr. Carnegie to re ceive the fund and administer its income met at Washington on 14 Dec. 1910. At this meet ing Mr. Carnegie read a letter informing the trustees of his .gift of $10,000,000 in 5 per cent first mortgage bonds, the revenue of which, he stated, °is to be administered by you to hasten the abolition of international war, the foulest blot upon our civilization.* The donor made no restrictions of the gift, but left discretionary with the trustees the expenditure of $500,000 annually accruing from the fund; he did not attempt, moveover, to outline future action as regards the measures, methods and policies that were to be adopted to the end of accomplishing the purpose specified. The only stipulation made was that the trustees were to ((keep un ceasingly in view, until it is attained, the speedy abolition of international war between so-called civilized nations?' The original trustees selected by Mr. Carnegie were: United States Senator Elihu Root, representative of the United States at The Hague Tribunal; Nicholas Murray Butler, president of Columbia University; Henry S. Pritchett, president of the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching; Joseph H. Choate, former Ambassador to Great Britain; Albert K. Smiley, educator and hu manitarian; Charles W. Eliot, president-emeri tus of Harvard University; James Brown Scott, solicitor for the State Department; John W. Foster, ex-Secretary of State; Andrew J. Montague, ex-governor of Virginia; Congress man William M. Howard, Lexington, Ky.; Congressman James L. Slayden, San Antonio, Tex.; Judge Thomas Burke, Seattle, Wash.; Andrew D. White, ex-Ambassador to Germany; Robert S. Brookings, lawyer, Saint Louis, Mo.;
Samuel Mather, banker, Cleveland, Ohio; J. G. Schmidlap, railroad man, Cincinnati, Ohio; Arthur W. Foster, regent of the University of California; Robert A. Franks, banker, Ho boken, N. J.; Charlemagne Tower, ex-Ambas sador to Germany and Russia; Oscar S. Strauss, Ambassador to Turkey; Austen G. Fox, lawyer, New York ; John Sharpe Williams, senator-elect from Mississippi; Charles L. Taylor, chairman of the Carnegie Hero Com mission; John L. Cadwalader, lawyer, New York; George W. Perkins, financier, New York; Cleveland H. Dodge, philanthropist and financier; Luke E. Wright, ex-Secretary of War; Robert S. Woodward, president of the Carnegie Institution.
At their first meeting these ,28 trustees ac cepted the fund by formal resolution, and ap pointed a committee on organization which at the next meeting, held in Washington on 9 March 1911, presented the following statement of the aims and purposes of the Endowment: the objects of the corporation shall be to advance the cause of peace among nations, to hasten the abolition of international war, and to encourage and promote a peaceful set tlement of international difficulties, and, in par ticular— (a) To promote a thorough and scientific investigation and study of the causes of war and of the practical methods to prevent and avoid it; (b) to aid in the development of International Law, and a general agreement on the rules thereof, and the acceptance of the same among nations; (c) to diffuse informa tion, and to educate public opinion regarding the causes, nature, and effects of-war, and the means for its prevention; (d) to establish a better understanding of international rights and duties, and a more perfect sense of interna tional justice among the inhabitants of civil ized countries; (e) to cultivate friendly feelings among the inhabitants of the different coun tries, and increase the knowledge and under standing of each other by the several nations; (f) to promote a general acceptance of peace able methods in the settlement of international disputes; (g) to maintain, promote, and assist such establishments, organizations, associations, and agencies as shall be deemed necessary or useful in the accomplishment of the purposes of the corporation, or any of them.) At this same meeting the following officers were elected: President, Elihu Root; vice-presi dent, Joseph H. Choate; secretary, James Brown Scott ; treasurer, Walter M. Gilbert (temporary appointment).