CARNI'OLA (German, KRAIN ), Austria, a province with an area of 3,856 English square miles. It is bounded by Carinthia on the north, Styria on the northeast, Croatia on the east, southeast and south, and Istria and Garz on the west. It is covered with lofty mountains, some of which are about 10,000 feet high, and, generally speaking, is one of the most unfertile regions of the empire. Some districts, how ever, produce considerable quantities of wheat, barley, wine and, in the south, fruits of various kinds and excellent flax. There are some iron, lead and quicksilver mines, the latter exceed ingly rich. It abounds in clays and valuable stones, and in coal and marble. There are con siderable manufactures of iron, fine linen, lace, woolen cloth, flannel, worsted stockings, leather, wooden articles, etc. Its chief exports are steel wares, quicksilver, hats, linens, glasswares, wax, wine, lignite, flour, etc.; principal imports —salt, oil, fruit, coffee, sugar, tobacco, cloths, cattle, etc. Nearly 300 miles of railway lines, with Laibach, the capital, as the centre, facili tate the commerce of the crownland. There
are about 380 elementary schools, attended by over 75,000 children. Carniola is represented in the Lower House of the monarchy by 11 dele gates, of whom two are drawn from the landed aristocracy, three from the towns, five from the rural communities, and one elected by the peo ple at large. Its own Diet consists of 36 mem bers drawn from the same classes and in about the same proportion. Nearly 94 per cent of tne people are Slovenes, and the remainder con sists of Germans, Serbo-Croatians and Italians. Almost the entire population belongs to the Roman Catholic Church. Carniola was made a duchy in the 12th century, under the dominion of the counts of Tyrol, who became extinct in 1335, and were succeeded by the earls of Cara. After the Treaty of Vienna, in 1809, it was ceded to France, and incorporated in the king dom of Illyria. In 1814 it came again into the possession of Austria. Capital, Laibach with a population of 36,547. Pop. 525,083.