CARY REBELLION, in North Carolina, an outcome of the religious and political dis turbances set going by the constitution of Locke and Shaftesbury, whose laws and discrimina tions survived itself. (See CAROLINA, ORIGINAL Coiismirriox or). One of these, requiring an oath to support the constitution and laws, de barred the Quakers (who were among the most influential of the early settlers, and by no means inclined to submit peaceably to oppres sion) from voting or holding office, or being witnesses in criminal suits. The establishment of and taxation for the Church of England was a common grievance to all the colony, nearly all its population being dissenters; and there were other obnoxious ordinances. At this time Albemarle County (North Carolina) had its separate deputy governor, appointed by the governor of the entire colony; and in 1704 Sir Nathaniel Johnson so appointed Robert Daniel, a churchman, and "landgrave" or hereditary noble and councillor. He tried to enforce the laws; and one John Porter, an influential Quaker, shortly went to England to complain of him and of vexatious legislation against his sect. One of the proprietors, John Archdale (q.v.), ex-governor, was himself a Quaker, and induced the other proprietors to remove Daniel; and Johnson appointed Thomas Cary, a Car olina merchant, said to have been Archdale's son-in-law, in his place. Cary, however, felt bound to enforce the laws, and again the Quakers complained. Cary was removed (the accepted account says he was in ill odor with the proprietors for having been short in his accounts as collector of revenue for them) ; and this time the appointment of a deputy for Albemarle was taken from the governor, and a new proprietary council formed, with Porter and several other Quakers on it. On Porter's return to America in 1707, he convened the council, which elected William Glover, a churchman, president. Glover insisted on en forcement of the laws as before, and Porter's party turned against him, declared his election illegal, struck a bargain with Cary and elected him president in Glover's place. Glover and his section refused to recognize the validity of the new election, and held their meetings in one room of the executive mansion, while Cary and his councillors met in the other. Daniel, as a
landgrave, was ipso facto a councillor, and sat alternately in both. Each party issued writs for election to the assembly, and it seems to have held without formal recognition of either; but Cary's party held the majority. In 1710 Edward Hyde, a relative of Clarendon's, was appointed deputy governor by the proprietors, and came out in August 1710 to assume office. His commission was to be taken from Tynte, who had succeeded Johnson; but Tynte had died, and Hyde had only his letters from the proprietors to show. The Cary party, how ever, was glad to acknowledge him so long as it held the power and he confirmed it; but the next assembly was held by its enemies; Hyde apparently aided it in enforcing the laws in favor of the Church, and Cary's party promptly refused to acknowledge his authority and made open war on him. Cary attacked Edenton with two armed vessels, but was repulsed, and Hyde called on Governor Spotswood of Virginia for help. Spotswood admitted that the revolters were "dangerous incendiaries," but said the country was almost inaccessible, and he had only militia; but finally sent some of his marines from the guard-ships at Hampton Roads. Cary, with his chief men, Levy, Truitt, etc., thereupon went to Virginia, apparently for temporary refuge, declaring that they would go to England and appeal to the proprietors. Spotswood took them at their word, and sent them, seemingly against their will, to England; and they disappear from history. That they were however, is apparent from a circular letter of Lord Dartmouth to the colo nies, at this juncture, to send no more prisoners to England for trial without proof of their guilt. At home, the burgesses refused to pro vide for the defense of the colony unless they could have share in the government and what they held to be their rights; and the result was a fearful desolation in a war which soon broke out with the Tuscaroras.