CAILLIE, or CAILZIE, kali, a readily do mesticated, polygamous grouse (Tetrao uro gallus), about the size of a turkey, widely dis tributed throughout the pine-covered mountains of Europe. Formerly it inhabited Ireland and Scotland, where it was known as Thlackcock,• but it was entirely extirpated toward the end of the 18th century. It has since, however, in small numbers, been restored to Scotland by stock imported from Scandinavia. The ground color of the cock is muddy black, spotted with gray and brown; quill feathers dark brown; tail feathers nearly black; a glossy dark green chest ; whitish bill and a small patch of naked skin above the eye, which is scarlet. The feet are feathered to the toes. The hen and young are dark brown, covered with freckles of a lighter shade; neck and chest yellowish chest nut, and the feathers of the under part usually edged with white. It feeds chiefly upon berries, seeds, insects and the young shoots of the pine and other trees, which give its flesh a delicate turpentine flavor. They are hunted with the aid of dogs, which ((tree" them, when they are easily shot. In the early spring, at the approach
of the breeding season, the cocks meet at an accustomed place to give the hens the benefit of their annual adances,D at which assemblies the hens seem to choose their mates by the amount of plumage, color, daring and extraor dinary gestures which each displays. On such occasions the cock is oblivious to all else save the winning of his mate, and may easily be approached and killed. The female bird builds her nest on the ground among the pines, gen erally laying from 6 to 12 eggs, few of which reach maturity, owing to the carelessness of the mother. They are spotted red or yellowish brown, and are over two inches long. The bird is readily domesticated if it has the range of a space containing a few pine trees. Consult Lloyd, (Game Birds of Sweden and Norway) (London 1867); Morris, Game Birds' (ib. 1891); Darwin, 'Descent of Man> (2d ed., ib. 1874); Millais, (The Ural History of British Game Birds' (London 1909).