Softening of Bones (rickets), seen in calves of cows kept on soils rich in organic matter, but deficient in earthy salts, on high, cold, ex posed areas and on damp, stormy seashores, is essentially due to a fault of diet and nutrition and must be met by a richer ration, especially by change to land having an abundance of lime and other phosphates and salts. Tonics are usually necessary as well.
Rheumatism, attacking bones, joints and other fibrous structures, also claims cold, wet and exposure as an immediate cause,.but may be traced as well to an excess of acid in the system or in the food, to defective nutrition, overfeeding with deranged digestion and even local injuries. Warm, dry buildings, dry soil, sunny pastures and more careful feeding are demanded. As a direct anti-rheumatic, salicylic acid or salicylate of soda in full doses daily is desirable, together with active friction over the part affected with a liniment of oil of turpen tine and salicylate of soda.
White Cell Blood, with or without Enlarged Lymph Glands (Leukemia; Lymphadenoma).— In this there is a marked increase of white or lymph cells in the blood, in the marrow of cancellated bones, the spleen and the liver, and, still more marked, by the presence of abnor mally large white cells with pale nuclei. Bone
marrow and lymph and other glands are the great producers of white cells, and these are liable to be enlarged in one form of the disease (Lymphadenoma), showing nodular swellings around the throat, in front of the shoulder and stifle and back of the latter. The cattle lose condition and run steadily down. Other con ditions (notoriously hookworms) leading to enlargements of such glands may cause Leuke mia. Bitters (quassia,gentian, quinine) with iron and arserute of soda solution will often have a good effect.
Progressive Pernicious This is seen in cattle on mucky or otherwise defective soils, confined indoors or out in poor pastures, and preferably from three-fourths to one year old. No visible microbe has been clearly dem onstrated. Subject loses condition rapidly even though liberally fed, has a dull yellow tinge of the eyelids or of white ears, pulse 70 to 80 and a hissing (anemic) murmur with the first sound of the heart. Blood globules are often modified or deformed. Temperature may be normal or subnormal. Blood spots may show on the eye before death, in two or three weeks. May advance more quickly after calving. Mor tality 50 per cent. Treat as in leukemia.