CHANEY, Lucian West, American biol ogist: b. Heuvelton, N. Y., 26 June 1857. He was graduated at Carleton College in 1878. He spent three years as high school principal and superintendent of schools at Faribault and Glencoe, Minn., and in 1882 was appointed in structor in biology at Carleton College and was professor there from 1883 to 1908. In 1907-09 he was special agent of the United States Bu reau of Labor to investigate dangerous occupa tions of women and children and in 1909 he was appointed expert in industrial hygiene in the same bureau. He has also explored the Rocky Mountain glaciers, one of which bears his name, and has published 'Employment of Women in the Metal Trades' ; Mill Ac cidents' ; and Accident Prevention' ; (Conditions of Employment in the Iron and Steel Industry' ; (Accidents and Accident Pre vention in Machine Building.' ching'-chow, China, city in the province of Fukien, the capital of the department of Chang-Chow, 35 miles west northwest of Amoy, which is its port. It is on
the Kiu-lung estuary. It stands in a valley surrounded by hills and intersected by a river. Its walls are about four and a half miles in circuit, and immediately within is a space planted with large trees. It has broad granite paved streets with fine stores. The chief build ing is a Buddhist temple dating from the 8th century. A wooden bridge nearly 800 feet long, resting on 25 stone piles, spans the river. The city has manufactures of silk, sugar, crystal and bricks, and carries on an extensive domestic and export trade in tea and sugar. It is the centre of the silk manufacture of the province. Pop. about 900,000.
chang'-sha, China, capital of the province of Hu-Nan, on the Siang River, about 350 miles north of Canton. It is not a treaty port, but has an important native trade carried on in small boats. It is surrounded by a wall and has an important silk industry. Pop. 250,000.