Going northward from the city hall one comes upon the Gibbes Memorial Art Gallery and, on the street west of it, the Charleston Library, both handsome buildings. Other in teresting public buildings are South Carolina hail (1804), Charleston orphan house (1/94), Hibernian hall (1799), the old Powder maga zine (1705), the Slave market, the old Charles ton market (1841) ; and such residences as the Pringle house, built in 1765; the old Heyward house, in which Washington was entertained for a week in 1791; the Huger residence, in which Lord William Campbell, last colonial governor of South Carolina, resided; the Wil liam Washington house and the Horry house. In addition to the Battery and Washington Park, Charleston's parks include Marion Square, or 'Citadel Green,* containing a statue of John C. Calhoun and other interesting objects; Hampton Park, with sunken gardens and a wealth of Southern foliage; Colonial Lake and Common; Hampstead Mall and Gannon Park Charleston has one of the best electric street railways in the country, covering the city com pletely and running to the navy yard, seven miles distant, and to North Charlestco a suburban development which is being built into a model city along scientific lines. A ferry line gives transportation across the river to Mount Pleasant, a suburb, and thence an electric railway runs through Sullivan's Island, where is to be found Fort Moultrie, and finally to the Isle of Palms, Charleston's beach resort, that boasts a beautiful white sand beach nine miles long, cottages, a large pavilion and other resort features. Magnolia Gardens, 12 miles west on the Ashley, are perhaps the principal attraction for beauty-lovers who visit Charles, ton. They are among the world's famous gardens, having been begun by one of the Dray tons generations ago. Summerville, 22 miles north of Charleston, is a summer resort for Southern people and a fashionable winter re sort for those of the North. Magnolia Ceme tery is Charleston's largest and most beautiful burial place. A new cemetery of large propor tions has been opened, however--the River view. Charleston has a new and thorough sys tem of drainage which further improves the fine sanitary condition for which the city has been noted.
Education.— The public-school es tablished in 1810, had, in 1914, eight school buildings. For all primary and preparatory education, public and private, the statistics are 20 institutions, 241 teachers, 7,816 pupils, build ings valued at $463,500, annual expenditures of $291,324. For higher education the principal institutions are College of Charleston, chartered in 1785; the Military College of South Caro lina, a State institution, established in 1845, one of the foremost military schools in the country and famed for the active cart its students took in the Civil War; the Medical College of South Carolina, a State institution ranking in Class A of the American Medical Association; Porter Military Academy, Charleston High School, Memininger High and Normal School, Academy of Our Lady of Mercy, Confederate College, Ashley Hall, Avery Normal Institute, Walling ford Academy for Colored Youth and many private academies and schools. The Charles ton Museum, the oldest museum on the Amer ican continent, having been founded in 1773. is
also one of the most complete and well-rounded collections outside the largest cities. In addi tion to its collecting and exhibition work, it works with the public and private schools of the city.
Churches and Charitable Institutions.— Charleston is truly a city of churches, there being 81 (42 white and 39 colored), divided among the Adventist, Baptist, Christian, Chris tian Science. Congregational, Episcopalian. French Protestant, Greek Orthodox, He, brew, Lutheran, Methodist, Presbyterian, Roman Catholic and Unitarian denominations among the white churches and Baptist, Con gregational, Episcopal, Methodist, Presby terian and Roman Catholic among the colored. The leading denominations are Episcopalian. Lutheran and Roman Catholic. It is the home of the Episcopal bishop of South Carolina and also of the Roman Catholic bishop. It has a Roman Catholic cathedral, that of Saint John the Baptist. The oldest church building is Saint Michael's (Protestant Episcopal), dat ing from 1761, with a fine chime, of interesting history, and numerous associa tions that make it the most famous church in South Carolina; the oldest organization is that of Saint Philip's (Protestant Episcopal), whose building was burned in the great fire of 1835, after having been saved from two earlier fires, and whose present one is a classic struc ture of great beauty and originality, with a steeple nearly 200 feet high, bearing at night a beacon, visible far out at sea; and with a churchyard full of distinguished names, in chiding Calhoun, Gadsden, Rutledge and Pinckney. The Circular ( Congregational) Church is noted, while the Old Hugaenot Church is the only congregation of its kind in the United States. Other churches of interest are Grace (Protestant Episcopal), the Scotch, the Second and Westntioster Presbyterian; Citadel Square (Baptist) and First (Baptist) ; Unitarian; Bethel and Trinity (Methodist) ; the Hawn Street Synagogue (Hebrew) ; Saint Matthew's (Lutheran); Saint Mary's (Catho lic).
Of the charitable organizations and institu tions, the most important are the Orphan House, founded 1792, the oldest of its kind in the United States; the Euston Home for the Aged; Home for Mothers, Widows and Daugh ters of Confederate Soldiers; the Roper Hos pital• the ahnshouse; the Old Folks' Home for Aged Colored People; the Shirras Dispensary. Among charitable societies are Associated Chanties; Ladies' Benevolent Society, organ ized 1813; Ladies' Fuel Society; Saint An drew's Society, founded by Scotchmen in 1720, the oldest society in the city; Hebrew Benev olent Society; and the South Carolina So limy, founded by Huguenots in 1736, renamed from the Two-Bit Club, so called from the sum contributed by each member at each meet ing for the relief of their own indigent.
Charleston's Young Men's Christian Asso ciation will compare favorably with that in any city of its size. It occupies a building costing $157,000, contributed by the people of the city. There is also an active Young Women's Christian Association in the city, with a handsome new building under construction.