CLERMONT, The, the name given by Robert Fulton (q.v.) to the steamboat in which he made his first trip from New York to Al bany, 11 Aug. 1807. The speed attained was only five miles per hour.
raii, France, town in the department of Puy de-Dome, of which it is the capital, 113 miles west of Lyons. It is situated on a hill at the foot of the volcanic range in which the summit of the Puy is conspicuous. It was originally the capital of the Arverni, possessed consider able importance under the Romans and became a bishop's see in 250. It was afterward sacked by the northern hordes, but soon recovered, and was selected in 1095 for the meeting of the great council in which the crusades originated. In 1556 it became the capital of the duchy of Auvergne. Among its natives are Gregory of Tours, Pascal and General Dessaix. The most remarkable edifices are the Gothic cathedral, a huge, irregular, gloomy pile, begun in 1248, and recently completed by the construction of the west front and two towers; the church of N6tre Dame, founded in 580, and encrusted ex ternally with rude mosaics; the townhouse, courthouse, theatre, general hospital, etc. There are also a medical and a theological college, technical schools, observatory, library contain ing about 125,000 works, botanic garden and museums of natural history and antiques. It is the centre of a great rubber industry. Other manufactures consist chiefly of chemicals, ani mal oils, table-linen, nails, hats, machinery, etc. It is an important centre of trade. Near it there are two mineral springs. Pop. of com mune (1911) 65,386.
the name of a distinguished ancient family of counts in Dauphiny. One of the most cele
brated is STANISLAS MARIE ADELAIDE, COUNT DE: b. 1757; d. 1792. At the breaking out of the Revolution in 1789 he took his place in the States-General as deputy of the nobility. He maintained the doctrine of a constitutional mon archy and incurred the displeasure of both the Aristocratic and Republican parties. As a counterpoise to the influence of the Jacobins, he, in concert with Malouet and other friends of monarchy, founded the Monarchical Club; and with Fontanes started the Journal des Impartiaux. The club having been denounced by Barnave as a band of conspirators, was dis solved, and the journal was suppressed after an existence of only two months. In 1791 he was arrested on the charge of hating aided the king in his attempt to escape, but regained his liberty on taking an 'oath of fidelity to the National Assembly. The next year he was dragged by a mob before the section. As no sufficient ground of detention appeared he was dismissed, but was pursued and murdered. His collected speeches were published under the title
CLgRON, Joseph Othenin Bernard de