In addition to the public schools, there are in the State 261 private schools, of which 82 are parochial schools of the Roman Catholic Church, 6 parochial schools of the Lutheran Church, and the rest are non-sectarian, being business colleges, boarding schools and second ary schools. These 261 private schools employ 1,726 teachers and are attended by 52,293 pupils. The higher institutions of learning are all sup ported by tuition and endowment, or church funds. The principal ones are Yale University, Wesleyan University, Trinity College, the Hart ford Seminary Foundation, including Hartford Theological Seminary, School of Religious Pedagogy and Kennedy School of Missions, with other schools to be added; the Berkeley Divinity School, Saint Thomas Catholic Semi nary, Saint Joseph Catholic Seminary, and the Connecticut College for Women at New Lon don. Each of these, except the last, has a large library of its own, that of Yale University be ing the largest in the State with over a million volumes. The Yale Elizabethan Club owns the best collection of Tudor and Stuart drama to which the public has access in this country. The collections, mineralogical, geological and palmontological, of the Peabody Museum of Yale University are of great value, as are the collections of Greek and Etruscan vases, and of Babylonian antiquities, the Jarves gallery of early Italian paintings, the photographs col lected by the Yale Peruvian Expeditions and the Steinert collection of musical instruments.
The State Library at Hartford contains a large and valuable collection of the laws and official documents of other States and the gen eral government; besides which it has accumu lated a general collection in which history is prominent; it also contains many rare and original documents, including the charter of 1662. In 1916 there were in the State 218 public libraries.
The principal historical societies are the Connecticut, the New Haven Colony, the New London County, the Middlesex County, the Mat tatuck (of VVaterbury), Historical societies, and the Bridgeport Scientific and Historical Society.
The growing desire for increasing the artis tic sense of the community is shown by the organized efforts in New Haven, Bridgeport, Hartford and other places, for the purpose of developing beauty in their own domains.
Government.— The government of Con necticut has been conducted under two different constitutions, the first of which was adopted in January, 1638-39, and was fortified and pro tected by the charter of 1662; and the second, which was adopted as the result of a con stitutional convention in 1818. This constitu tion, its subsequent amendments, forms the organic law of Connecticut at present. Under it the governor, lieutenant-governor, secretary of state, treasurer, comptroller and members of the general assembly are chosen biennially by the people. Other State officers are appointed either by the governor, sometimes with, and sometimes without, the consent of the senate, or by the general assembly.
The General Assembly is composed of a senate consisting of 35 members, and a house of representatives, consisting of 258 members.
One senator is elected from each of the sena torial districts; one representative each from 78 towns, and two each are elected from 90 towns. In 1911 the State was divided into 5 senatorial districts, instead of 4, for electing members of Congress. In 1914, 87 towns voted for no license and 90 for license, one being equally divided. The courts are the Supreme Court of Errcrs and the Superior Court, the judges serving for terms of eight years; the Court of Common Pleas, and the District Court, for four years, all of these judges being ap pointed by the general assembly on nomination by the governor. Judges of city, borough and town courts are appointed for terms of two years, by the general assembly. There are in the State 113 probate districts, the judges of which are elected by the people.
men. Until 1752, the legni year in England began 25 March. not 1 January. with the difference of 11 days between Old Style and New Style, accounts for many appar ent discrepancies in dates).
New Haven Colony Theophilus Eaton. 1639-58 William Leete 1661-65 Robert Newman.. 1658-60 Population and Finance.— The population of the State, as estimated by the United States census in 1916, was 1,244,497, showing a great increase in recent years, and making it fourth in rank, as to density. Of this population, about two-thirds are native born and one-third foreign born. In 1910,3.8 per cent of the population was classed as illiterate, being the smallest per centage of any State except Massachusetts with 3.5 per cent of illiterates. The total grand list as computed in October 1916, by the State Board of Assessors, was $1,278.696,735. New Haven, Hartford and Bridgeport supply one half of the grand list of the 19 cities. The receipts for the fiscal year ending 30 Sept. 1916 were $11,532,806.94; the 'expenses, $8,439,944.59.
Legislation.—In 1916, the State legislature was composed of 11 Democratic and 24 Re publican senators; and 60 Democratic and 198 Republican representatives. Recent bills of im portance include a Public Utilities Commission, VVorkmen's Compensation Act; one eliminating a congressman at large; the election of county commissioners by the people; the appointment of judges of the minor courts by the governor instead of the general assembly; the adoption of uniform laws as to the sales of goods and as to warehouse receipts, recorrunended by the Conference of Commissioners on United States Laws; bills to prevent infection with tuber culosis and to provide State hospitals for con sumptives; to establish a State reformatory; appointing a public service corporation regula tion commission; as to uniform bills of lading; establishing a State civil service law; strength ening the corrupt practices law; for a ((blue sky law)); regulating the use of airships; tax ing woodlands; a general bank incorporation law; creating a State civil service commission; repealing the exemption of charitable bequests from a succession tax; taxing corporations on income rather than on capital. In the presi dential election of 1916, the State gave a Re publican majority, and elected a Republican governor.