Cook_3
Cook, James, English Navigator: B. Mar Ton, North Riding Of Yorkshire, 27 Oct. 1728; D. Hawaii, 14 Feb. 1779. After A Meag.re Educa Tion He Was Apprenticed To A Shopkeeper At Staithes, A Small Town On The Sea-coast. Here He Acquired A Taste For The Occupation Of A Sailor, And ...
Coolie
Coolie, A Term Commonly Applied To Un Skilled Laborers From. India And China. The First Coolie Emigrants Appear To Have Been In Dians, Brought From Calcutta, In India, To British Guiana, In 1839, Soon After The Aboli Tion Of Slavery In That Colony. As Free Negroes Were Found To Be ...
Cooling
Cooling, Velocity Of, A Body Isolated In Air Or Other Gas, Or In Vacuo, And Surrounded By Bodies Colder Than Itself, Loses Heat, By Radiation In The Last Mentioned Case, And In The Former Case Partly By Radiation And Partly By Convection. The Rate At Which Its Temperature Decreases Depends ...
Cooper
Cooper, James Fenimore: B. Burling Ton, N. J., 15 Sept. 1789; D. Cooperstown, N. Y., 14 Sept. 1851. His Father, Judge William Cooper, Removed In The Year Following The Novelist's Birth To Recently Acquired Tracts Of Land, In The Wilderness Of Central New York, About Otsego Lake, On The Shore ...
Cooper_2
Cooper, Myles, English Loyalist : B. Eng Land 1735; D. Edinburgh, Scotland, 1 May 1785. He Was The Second President Of King's College, Now Columbia Vniversity, New York. He Studied At Oxford, Became Fellow Of Queen's College In 1760, And In 1761 Published A Volume Of Miscellaneous Verse Of Correct ...
Cooper_3
Cooper, Peter, American Manufacturer, Inventor And Philanthropist : B. New York, 12 Feb. 1791; D. There, 4 April 1883. His Early Education Was Of The Scantiest Description, And In Boyhood He Assisted His Father In Making Hats, At 17 Learning The Trade Of Coachmaking. He Subsequently Invented A Cloth-shearing Machine ...
Cooper_4
Cooper, Thomas, American Physicist And Politician: B. London, 22 Oct. 1759; D. South Carolina, 11 May 1840. He Was Educated At Oxford, Studied Law And Medicine And Was Admitted To The Bar. Entering Into The Political Agitations Of The Period, He Was Sent By The Democratic Clubs Of England To ...
Cooperage
Cooperage, The Art Of Malcing Vessels Of Pieces Of Wood Bound Together By Hoops. Such Vessels Were In Use Among The Romans At The Period Of The Christian Era. The Upright Pieces For The Sides Of A Barrel Or Cask Are Called Staves. The Swelling At The Middle Of The ...
Copaiba
Copaiba, Lco-pal-ba, The Oleoresin Of Copaiba Langsdorfii And Other Species Of Co Paiba. Of These At Least 16 Are Lmown To Give This Drug, And Seven Are Known To Yield A Prod Uc-t That Is Sent To The United States. Oleoresin Copaiba Comes Mostly From Brazil And The West Indies; ...
Cope
Cope, Edward Drinker, American Zoolo Gist And Palmontologist: B. Philadelphia, Pa., 28 July 1840; D. There, 12 April 1897. Oliver Cope Came To This Country From Wiltshire, Eng Land, About 1687 And Settled On Naaman's Creelc In The Northernmost Part Of The State Of Dela Ware. Oliver's Grandson, Caleb, A ...
Cope_2
Cope, Henry Frederick, American Author, Editor And Lecturer: B. London, England, 17 June 1870. He Was Educated At The Government Boy's School, Enfield, The Department Of Sciences And Arts, South Kensington, London, And By Private Tutors. He Came To The United States In 1891, Studied Theology At The Southern Baptist ...
Copenhagen
Copenhagen (smerr.hants' Haveni), Denrnark, The Capital, Situated On The Shore Of The Island Of Zealand, In The Sound, Which Is Here About 12 Miles Broad; An Outlying Portion, Christianshavn, Stands At The North End Of The Island Of Amager Or Amak, Which Is Sepa Rated From Zealand By A Narrow ...
Copernican System
Copernican System, The, An Epoch Making Reversal Of Man's Ideas As To The Place Of The Earth In The Universe And The Motions Of The Heavenly Bodies, The Full Details Of Which Were Completed By Nicolaus Copernicus, A Polish Astronomer, In The Year 1530. Prior To The Work Of Copernicus, ...
Coplas De Manrique
Coplas De Manrique, Kop'las De Man-rek'e. This Is The Modest Title Of An Elegiac Poem By Jorge Manrique (1440-79), Generally Considered The Most Eminently Successful Of The Spanish Lyric Poets Of The 15th Century. This Success Is Due To The Coplas, The More Dis Tinctive Title Of Which Is Tonlas ...
Copley
Copley, John Singleton, American Painter: B. Boston, Mass., 3 July 1737; D. Lon Don, England, 9 Sept. 1815. He Was Of Irish Parentage And Received His Early Training In En Graving From His Stepfather, Peter Pelham, A Mezzotint Engraver. In Painting He Was Prac Tically Self-taught. His Talent For Drawing ...
Copper
Copper, A Metallic Element Occurring Abundantly In Nature, And Widely Used In The Arts, Both In The Pure State, And As An Essential Constituent Of Many Alloys. It Has Been Known From The Earliest Times, And Is Frequently Men Tioned By The Ancient Writers. Prehistoric Weapons, Tools And Ornaments Of ...
Copper
Copper, Discovery And Development. Copper In A Metallic Form Occurs, Either Alone Or In Connection With Chemical Combinations Of The Same Metal, In Many Parts Of The Earth, Notably In Peru, Chile And Neighboring Coun Tries, In Alaska, In Parts Of South Australia And More Sparingly In Siberia, In Cornwall, ...
Copper And Brass Industry
Copper And Brass Industry. The Naugatuck River Has Its Sources In The Hills Of Northwestern Connecticut And Flows Southward About 40 Miles To Its Junction With The Housatonic River At Derby, Taking Its Course Through A Narrow, Winding Valley. From Torrington, At The Head Of The Valley, To Derby There ...
Copperhead
Copperhead (ancistrodon Contortrix), The Most Widely Distributed, And In Many Places The Most Abundant Of The Venomous Snakes Occurring In The Eastern United States. It Belongs To The Family Crotalida. (q.v.), But With The Water Moccasin Belongs To A Genus (ancis Trodon), Distinguished From The Rattlesnakes By The Absence Of ...
Copse
Copse, Kzips, A Cultivated Wood, Where The Trees Are Cut Periodically, Before They Attain Timber Size, Each Succeeding Crop Being Cut From The Stumps Of The First Growth. A Copse Or Coppice Is Sometimes Used As An Omamental Growth, Where Large Trees Would Not Be Desir Able, But Their Chief ...
Coptic Languages
Coptic Languages, The Language For Merly Spoken By The Copts Or Egyptian Chris Tians Awl Regarded As The Direct Descendant Of The Ancient Sacred Language Of The Egyptians. As Such It Has Afforded To Champolhon, Dr. Young And Others The Key To The Interpretation Of The Egyptian Hieroglyphic Inscriptions. At ...
Copts
Copts, A Name Given To The Schismatic Christians Of Egypt Who Are Of The Mono Physite Sect, Similar In Belief With The Jacobites Of Asia. The Monophysites And Jacobites Are Followers Of Dioscnrus, Patriarch Of Alexan Dria, Who Was Deposed By The Council Of Chal Cedon In 451, Because He ...
Copying
Copying, A Term In General Use For A Great Many Different Processes, Which May Be Described Generally As The Reproduction, Usually Either On An Enlarged Or Reduced Scale, Of Any Drawing, Map Or Other Work Of Art. A Few Of The Methods Employed May Be Shortly Described If The Copy ...
Copying Machine
Copying Machine, Any One Of A Number Of Contrivances By Which One Or More Copies Of A Letter Or Other Document May Be Made. Perhaps The Best Known Is The Copying Press. The Letter Is Written With °copying Ink,° A Writing Fluid Containing Some Gummy Sub Stance Which Prevents The ...
Copyright
Copyright, Canadian. The Double Re Lation Of C,anada, As At The Same Time A Self Governing Nation, And Also A Part Of The British Empire, Produces Some Slight Complications In Its Copyright Law. By The British North Amer Ica Act Of 1865, Constituting The Dominion, The Power Of Copyright Legislation ...
Copyright
Copyright, The Exclusive Right Of Prop Erty In Any Intellectual Production; The Protec Tion Afforded By The Law For A Limited Number Of Years To The Originator Of Any Written Or Printed Composition Or Work Of Art, Or To His Heirs And Assigns, Whereby Persons Unauthorized Are Prevented From Multiplying ...
Coquelin
Coquelin, 1c6k-ida, Benoit Constant, French Actor: B. Boulogne, 23 Jan. 1841; D. France, 26 Jan. 1909. He Is Known As Coquelin Ain& To Distinguish Him From His Younger Brother, Coquelin Cadet. He Early Gave Promise Of Great Dramatic Ability. He Was Admitted To The Paris Conservatoire In 1859, The Following ...
Coral And Coral Islands
Coral And Coral Islands, The Solid Support Or Skeleton Of The Coral Polyps. (see Polyps). It Was Formerly Supposed That The Coral Was A Calcified Portion Of The Soft Parts Of The Animal, But This Has Been Disproved. Recently Bourne Has Proved By Examination That The Skeleton Is Forrned As ...
Corbin
Corbin, Henry Clark, American Soldier: B. Clermont County, Ohio, 15 Sept. 1842; D. New York, 8 Sept. 1909. He Studied Law, And Entered The Union Army As Second Lieutenant In The 83d Volunteer Infantry, 28 July 1862; But Before The Organization Was Com Pleted He Was Assigned To The 79th ...
Cordage
Cordage. This Is The General Name For All Manufactures Of String, Twine, Cord, Lines, Rope, Hawsers And Cables Made Of Twisted Fibres. Fibres Are First Combed Out Or Drawn Into Par Allel Position, And Then A Few Are Twisted To Gether Forming Yarn Or Thread. Two Or More Yarns Twisted ...
Corday Darmans
Corday D'armans, Icor-di Dir-matt, Marie Anne Charlotte, French Revolutionist: B. Saint Saturnin, Near Seez, Normandy, 27 July 1768; D. Paris, 17 July 1793. She Had Passed Her Early Years In A Convent And Had Read Plutarch, Rousseau, Raynal And Voltaire. Her Lover Was Accused By Marat As A Con Spirator ...
Cordeliers
Cordeliers, Kor-da-le-ii. 1. Another Name For The Franciscan Friars In General, But Given, In France, To The Branch Of The Order Usually Lcnown As Franciscan Friars Minor (o. F. M.). After The Death Of Saint Francis In 1226, The Next Minister-general Of The Order Relaxed Somewhat The Rigor Of The ...
Cordite
Cordite, A Smokeless Powder Employed By The English Government. It Was Invented In 1889 By Sir Frederick Abel And Prof. James Dewar, And Originally Consisted Of A Mixture Of Nitro-glycerine 58 Parts, Nitrocellulose 37, Vaseline 5, But On Account Of The Erosion Of The Bore Caused By The High Percentage.of ...
Corinne
Corinne. (corinne) (1806) Was The Crowning Point Of Madame De Stal's Literary Career. In It Her Ideals Find Their Most Corn Plete Expression. By It, Pre-eminently, And By Her 'germany,' In The Words Of Faguet, She Sowed The Century With Fertile Ideas And Gave French Poetry As It Were A ...
Corinth
Corinth, Greece, A Celebrated City Upon The Isthmus Of The Same Name. It Was Re Nowned Among The Cities Of Greece, Commanded By Its Advantageous Position A Most Important Transit Trade, And Possessed All The Splendor Which Wealth And Luxury Could Create; While Its Citadel, The Acrocorinthus, Rendered It One ...
Corinth_2
Corinth, Advance On (30 May 1862), And Battle Of (3-4 Oct. 1862). Corinth, Miss., An Important Strategical Point, Was Early Occupied By The Confederates. It Was The Objective Point Of General Halleck's Cam Paign, For Which, Early In April 1862, He Was Concentrating Grant's And Buell's Armies At Pittsburg Landing, ...
Corinthians
Corinthians, Epistles Of Paul To The. These New Testament Letters Form Only A Part Of The Correspondence Known To Have Passed Between The Apostle Paul And The Church Of Corinth. The Circumstances That Called Them Forth And Dictated Their Contents Were Of Crucial Importance In The Early Life Of That ...
Coriolanus
Coriolanus, Probably The Latest Of Shakespeare's Roman Plays, Dates From About 1609. Like (julius Cwsar> And (antony And Cleopatra,' Its Plot Is Derived From Sir Thomas North's Translation Of Plutarch's 'lives' (first Published In 1579), Of Which It Makes On The Whole An Even Closer Use Than The Other Two ...
Cork
Cork, The External Bark Of A Species Of Oak (quercus Sober) Which Grows In Spain, Portugal, France, Italy, Tunis, Algeria And Morocco, And Is Distinguished By The Cellular Texture Of Its Bark, And The Leaves Being Ever Green, Oblong, Somewhat Oval, Downy Under Neath And Waved. The Area Over Which ...
Cormoran
Cormoran, A Cornish Giant In The Nurs Ery Tale (jack, The Giant-killer.' Corn (from French Come, From Lat. Cornu, A Horn, From Its Horny Nature), A Hard Ened And Thickened Portion Of Cuticle Produced By Pressure. Corns Are Generally Found On The Outside Of The Toes, But Sometimes Between Them, ...
Corn
Corn, Grain, Such As Wheat And Barley; Maize, Or Indian Corn; Also The Plants That Yield Grain; Breadstuff. This Is A Generic Term For All Kinds Of Grain Used For Malcing Bread, And Is Applied Specifically To The Principal Breadstuff ; In England To Wheat, In The United States To ...
Corn Culture
Corn Culture. The Profitable Pro Duction Of Corn Depends Upon: (1) Fertility Of Soil; (2) Conditions Of Climate; (3) Quality Of Seed; (4) Methods Of Cultivation. Fertility Of Soil Is The First And Most Im Portant Of These Conditions. Three Elements, Nitrogen, Phosphorus And Potassium, Are Im Portant Constituents Of ...
Corn Laws
Corn Laws, Regulations Of The Grain Trade And Breadstuffs, A Former System Of Legis Lation In England, Part Of The General Economic Policy Of The Country, Laying Duties On Importa Tions Of Various Kinds Of Grain; Affecting The Internal Corn Trade And Speculative Dealings; The Assize Of Bread; The Export ...
Corn_2
Corn The Principal Enemies Of Corn Are The Bollworm (9 V.), Chinch-bug, Cut-worms And Certain Caterpillars Which Bore In The Stalks. In The Central And Southern States, Notably' In Kentucky And In Southern Illinois, The Cotton-boll Worm In Cer Tain Years Has Attacked The Corn In The Ear, Eat Ing ...
Cornea
Cornea (lat. "homy,'" Ahornlikeo), The Transparent Concavo-convex Disc Which Forms The Anterior Fifth Of The Globe Of The Eye, Fitted Accurately Into The Sclerotic Or Fibrous Coat Forming The Posterior Four-fifths Of The Organ. It Is A Segment Of A Smaller Sphere Than The Sclerotic, And Is From Seven To ...
Corneille
Corneille, Thomas, French Dramatist, Brother Of The Preceding: B. Rouen, 20 Aug. 1625; D. Andelys, 8 Dec. 1709. He Lived In The Most Friendly Union With His Brother Till The Death Of The Latter. They Had Married Two Sis Ters, Lived In The Same House Without Any Divi Sion Of ...
Corneille
Corneille, Kiir-na-ye, Pierre, French Dramatist: B. Rouen, 6 June 1606; D. Paris, 1 Oct. 1684. He Began His Dramatic Career With Comedy. His First Piece Was (mate,' Played In 1629. It Was Followed From 1632 To 1636 By (clitandre' •, (la Veuve); (la Galerie Du Palais' ; (la Suivante' ; ...
Cornelius
Cornelius, Peter Von, German Painter: H. Diisseldorf, 23 Sept. • D. 7 March 1867. He Early Exhibited A Taste For Art, And Accus Tomed Himself To Copy From Memory The Works Of Raphael And Other Masters. He Thus Ac Quired An Early Proficiency, And At 19 Was Entrusted With The ...
Cornell
Cornell, Ezra, American Capitalist And Philanthropist: B. Westchester Landing, N. Y., 11 Jan. 1807; D. Ithaca, N. Y., 9 Dec. 1874. He Was Of Qua'ter Parentage And In 1819 Removed With His Father, A Potter By Trade, To De Ruyter, N. Y. His Early Education Was Scanty, And For A ...
Cornell University
Cornell University, At Ithaca, N. Y., Owes Its Origin Primarily To The Land Grant Act Of 1862, °donating Public Lands To The Several States And Territories Which May Provide Colleges For The Benefit Of Agriculture And The Mechanic Arts.° Under This Act New York Received As Its Portion 989,920 Acres ...
Corner
Corner, A Commercial Term Used In Eng Land And The United States To Signify The Con Trol Of So Large A Supply Of An Industrial Or Commercial Product Or Of So Much Of A Stock That The Market Value Of The Commodity Held Is Tremendously Advanced, And Those Who Have ...
Cornwall
Cornwall (lat. Cornu Gallia, ((horn Of Gaul,)) That Is, The Remotest Land Inhabited By Celts), England, A Maritime Country, Forming The Southwestern Extremity Of The Island. Its Form Is Irregularly Triangular. Its Area Is 1,357 Square Miles. The Northwestern Coast-line Is Broken By A Number Of Shallow Bays. The South ...
Cornwallis
Cornwallis, Charles, 'sr Marquis And 2n Earl, English General: B. London, 31 Dec. 1738; D. Ghanpur, Benares, India, 5 Oct. 1805. He Was Educated At Eton And Cambridge, And Entering The Army Served In 1761 In A Campaign Of The Seven Years' War As Aide-de-camp To The Marquis Of Granby. ...
Cornwallis_2
Cornwallis, Kinahan, American Law Yer, Editor, Novelist, Poet: B. London, England, 24 Dec. 1834. Educated By Private Tutors For The Ministry Of The Church Of England, Also At Col Legiate Institution, Liverpool; Later He Studied At The School Of Medicine, Liverpool, And Trin Ity College, But Was Then Appointed To ...
Corona
Corona. The Crown Of Victory, Termed Corona, Of The Ancient Greeks And Romans, Was What We, In This Day, Term A Wreath. These Corona: Come Under The Following Classes : Those Dedicated To The Victors In Peaceful Contests And Those Voted For Military Achievement. The Crown Or Garland Of The ...
Coronado
Coronado, Ker-ro-na'do, Francisco Vas Quez De, Spanish Explorer: B. Salamanca, Spain, About 1500; D. Mexico After 1542. He Came To The New World About 1535, And By Marrying The Daughter Of Estrada, The Royal Treasurer For New Spain, Was Appointed Gov Ernor Of The Province Of New Galicia. On The ...
Coronation
Coronation, The Ceremonial Rite Of Placing A Crown On The Head Of A Monarch As A Symbol Of His Assumption Of Rule. The Prac Tice Is One Of Great Antiquity And In Most Coun Tries Has Been Followed In Some Form Or Other. Accompanying The Crowning Has Been The An ...
Coroner
Coroner, A Functionary Whose Name Coroner, Or Crowner, Implies That He Has,prin Cipally To Do With Pleas Of The Crown Or In Which At Least The Crown Is Concerned. His Office Is Very Ancient, Mention Being Made Of It In 925 A.d. His Office In England Was Peculiarly A County ...
Effect Of Different Systems
Effect Of Different Systems Of Cultivation. Average Of Four Years' Tests. (yield In Bushels Per Acre.) M Grim° Weeds Allowed To Grow 511 Weeds Cut Vrith Hoe And A Loose Mulch Made With Hoe Freguent Cultivation 96 Two Inches Deep Cultivation (small Shovels) 90 Pour Inches Deep Cultivation (small Shovels) ...
Excmng Causes Of Cleft
Excmng Causes Of Cleft Palate. In Early Intra-uterine Life, Be Tween The Second And Third Months, The Tongue Is Much Thicker Than At Birth. It Occupies A Great Deal Of Space Between The Developing Bony Plates Of The Palate, And May Interfere With The Bones Meeting And Uniting. At The ...
Fig I V
Fig I. V = Const. Going Over Into The Orthogonal Family, Whose Asymptotes Are These Axes. If U And V Have Continuous First Partial Derivatives And If Their Jacobian Au Au Ox —ay Av Av Ax Ay Does Not Vanish. Then At Least For A Restricted Region Se About A ...
Fraught
Fraught Money Paid For The Transportation Of Goods. Free The Purchase Price For Goods Sold Under This Condition Includes Their Delivery Alongside,of A Desig Nated Vessel; At Which Juncture The Seller's Responsibility Ceases, And The Buyer's Begins. Free The Purchase Price Of Goods Thus Sold Includes Delivery Out Of The ...
George Clark
George Clark. A Bill Covering The Above Passed The Assem Bly 10 1740, And Colonels Morris And Philipse Carried The Same To The Council For Its Concurrence. It Was Passed By The Council 11 July And Signed By The Lieutenant-governor 12 July. 1744-48. Third Intercolonial War: King George's War.— On ...