SANDERS' RAID INTO EAST TENNESSEE) . The Union army under Rosecrans held the line of Stone's River, headquarters at Murfreesboro; the Confederates under General Bragg, the gen eral line of Duck River, with headquarters at Tullahoma. By feinting against Bragg's left at Shelbyville and turning his right, both flanks being established in entrenched camps, Bragg was forced out of his lines and retreated over the Cumberlands and across the Tennessee to Chattanooga. It was chiefly a strategic cam paign, carried on in continuous rains of most unusual severity, occupying nine days, and in volving. a total loss of only 560 killed, wounded and missing. The Union line advanced to the western base of the Cumberland Mountains.
See THOMPSON'S STATION ; VAUGHT'S HILL ; STRETCH T'S RAID FROM TUSCUMBIA ; MORGAN'S RAID ; TULLAHOMA CA MPAIGN.
The succeeding campaign, having Chatta nooga for its objective, required extensive re pairs to the railroad and an accumulation of supplies sufficient for leaving a base for a month, and moving in a mountainous region largely barren. The movement began 16 August Bragg was at Chattanooga. Rose crans' army lay along the western base of the Cumberlands from Winchester to McMinnville. Rosecrans feinted with his left corps, Gen. T. L. Crittenden's, by throwing it from McMirmville over the mountains, its advance being into the valley of the Tennessee above Chattanooga. This led to the belief that a junction was to be formed with Burnside from Knoxville, or an attack made upon the city from that quarter. Bragg, as a result, fixed his attention upon this move. Meantime the centre corps, Thomas', and the right, Gen. A. McD. McCook's, crossed the Cumberlands and the Tennessee River some 30 miles below Chattanooga, continued over the Sand Mountains, and ascended the Lookout range— all bold mountains %ith palisaded sum mits crossed only.by very difficult and widely separated mountain trails. When Rosecrans' columns were ascertained to be on Lookout, Bragg, 7 and 8 September, withdrew from Chattanooga, the heads of the Union columns having iti the meantime descended into Mc Lemore's Cove., south of Chattanooga. Upon Bragg's reaching Lafayette, 26 miles south of Chattanooga, he awaited Longstreet's ar rival from Virginia, mea,ntime unsuccessfully demonstrating against Rosecrans' centre and left east of Lookout in the valley of the Chicka mauga. Crittenden's corps, after having ac complished its diversion, had crossed the Ten nessee, left one brigade in Chattanooga, 9 Sep tember, and moved south through Rossville to a position on Rosecrans' left at Lee and Gor don's _Mill on the Chickamauga. Bragg, strengthened by Longstreet, started back 17 September toward Chattanooga, seeking to in terpose between Rosecrans and that city. Rose
crans, by a night march, 18 September, pro ceeded toward Chattanooga, formed his lines between Bragg and the city, nine miles south of it, at Chickamauga (q.v.). A two days' battle, 19 and 20 September, ensued for the possession of the roads to Chattanooga. At noon of the second day Longstreet broke through a gap at the centre of the Union lines, cut off two divi sions of the right wing, and forced them with fraginents of other divisions from the field, Rosecrans, McCook and Crittenden being caught in the break. General Thomas, with the greater part of seven divisions, held the field, and at mght withdrew to Rossville and there reformed the army between Bragg and the city, thus securing its possession without further fighting. Bragg advanced on the 22d, and formed his lines in front of the city, which Rosecrans soon rendered impregnable by heavy earthworks. Bragg's lines embraced Lookout Mountain and Missionary Ridge, heights over looking the city, the mountain position closing the river line of supplies. The situation of the Union army soon became precarious for want of food and forage. (See also PHILADELPHIA, TENN., MILITARY OPERATIONS AT) . Hooker, with the Eleventh and Twelfth corps was or dered from the Army of the Potomac, reaching Bridgeport 30 September; and Sherman, with four divisions from the vicinity of Vicksburg. Grant was assigned to general command, ar riving 23 October. Rosecrans was replaced by Gen. George H. Thomas 19 October. The river line of supplies was opened 28 October upon a plan devised by General Rosecrans and executed by Gen. W. F. Smith, Hooker being brought forward to Lookout Valley, and troops from Chattanooga forming a junction with him. The battle of Chattanooga (q.v.) ac cupied three days. On 23 November Thomas, in the centre, threw forward one division, sup ported by four, and captured the advanced line of Bragg. The night of the 23d Sherman crossed the river six miles above the city and seized an unoccupied range overlooking the north end of Missionary Ridge. On 24 Novem ber Hooker carried the western and northern slopes of Lookout Mountain, and the next day moved against the south end of Missionary Ridge. The afternoon of 25 November Thomas, at the centre, assaulted Missionary Ridge, his storming line being two and a half miles front, carried the earthworks at the foot of the ridge, and next the ridge itself, captur ing 37 guns on the summit, and forcing a gen eral retreat. From this time Chattanooga re mained in Union control to the close of the war. See also RINGGOLD GAP.