DUBUQUE, doo-buk', Iowa, city, port of entry, county-seat of Dubuque County, on the Mississippi River, the Burlington, the Chicago Great Western, the Chicago, Milwaukee and Saint Paul and the Illinois Central and other railroads, 167 miles northwest of Chicago. It has steamer communication with the leading ports on the Mississippi and is connected with the opposite shore of the river by three bridges. It has communication by boat with other points on the river. The city is built partly on a terrace, 20 feet above the river, and partly on the bluffs, which rise 200 feet high. The lower or business portion is regularly laid out and compactly built, and in the upper portion the streets rise picturesquely one above another. Among the prominent buildings are the United States government buildings, the Central Mar ket, the Carnegie-Stout library, Saint Ra phael's Cathedral (R.C.) and several other im portant churches. The city is the centre of the lead and zinc region of Iowa, northwestern Illinois and southwestern Wisconsin, and con tains large zinc works. In 1914 there were 139 establishments in operation, with a combined capital of $13,329,000, employing 6,109 persons, paying $3,851,000 for salaries and wages, and yielding products aggregating in value $14, 714,000, made from raw materials valued at $8,188,000. It is also an important market for the agricultural produce of the district. The principal manufactures were packed meat, lum ber, foundry and machine shop products, malt liquors, bread and bakery products, carriages and wagons, flour, boots and shoes, agricultural implements, leather, furniture, toys, notions, bricks, oils, engines, steel ship hulls, barrels, brooms, buttons, sashes, doors, millinery and clothing. The national banks have a combined capital and surplus of over $1,000,000. There are State, savings and private banks. The city is the winter harbor for boats on the upper Mississippi. In 1893 it was created the
see for an archdiocese of the Roman Catholic Church. It is lighted with electricity, has an extensive waterworks system, public library, several hospitals and asylums, electric street railways and an inclined cable road leading from the river level to the bluffs. Gunboats for the United States navy have been built here.
There are over 4,500 pupils enrolled in the public day schools; about 140 teachers; and public school property valued at $500,000. There are over 3,500 pupils enrolled in the private and parish schools. For higher instruction there are a public high school, the academies of Saint Joseph, Saint Mary, Saint Vincent and the Visi tation, Wartburg Seminary (Lutheran), the German Presbyterian Theological School of the Northwest and the State Institute of Arts and Sciences.
The city was named in honor of Julien Dubuque, a French trader, who with 10 others settled here in 1788 to mine lead. This was the first settlement in what is now the State of Iowa. The settlement was abandoned after Dubuque's death in 1810, and the site was not again occupied till 1833. This last was the first permanent settlement in Iowa. In 1839 it was incorporated as a town, and in 1840 received its charter as a city. Pop. 39,428.
DUC, diik, Joseph Louis, French architect : b. Paris, 25 Oct. 1802; d. 22 Jan. 1879. Win ning the Prix de Rome in his 23d year, in 1840 he was chosen to assist in designing the monument in the Place de la Bastile. His chief work is the Palais de Justice in Paris, which occupied the greater part of 25 years in build ing, for which the Emperor Napoleon III gave him $20,000 as a special prize. The architect devoted the greater part of this sum to estab lish a prize for excellence in architecture. (For a description of the Palace of Justice see PARIS). In 1866 he became a member of the Institute and in 1871 inspector-general of all civic buildings.