DUNFERMLINE, Scotland t a royal burgh in Fife, 16 miles northwest of Edinburgh by rail. It is situated in a rich coal district, has brass and iron-works, and important lines of manu factures. Andrew Carnegie, the Pittsburgh iron master, a native of the burgh, has furnished it with a public library and baths, presented it with the adjoining Pittencrieff Park and Glen, and otherwise liberally endowed it. Dun fermline is a place of great antiquity; its palace was a favorite residence of the Scottish kings; and in its abbey eight kings and seven queens were buried. The royal palace, now in ruins, is said to have been built by King Robert Bruce. The abbey was founded by Malcolm Canmore and his consort, Saint Margaret, in 1072, rebuilt by David I in the early Norman style, burned by Edward I of England in 1303, and its ruin completed by the iconoclastic zeal of the Reformers on 28 March 1560. The body of King Robert Bruce was laid in front of the high altar, a location now occupied by the pulpit of the Abbey church. The burgh boundaries
were extended in 1911 southward to the fringes of the Firth of Forth. Dunfermline gives its name to a group of parliamentary burghs re turning one member to the House of Commons. The linen and linoleum factories of the Dun fermline district are among the most important in Scotland. Two of the linen mills contain about 2,000 looms each and the other six from 600 to 1,800 looms each. The assessed valuation of the city for 1916-17 was $825,000, as com pared with $755,000 for 1915-16. Pop. 28,103.
a name borne by. several lamellicorn beetles, of the genera Aphodius, Bolbocsrus, Copris, Geotrupes, Phaneus and others. These beetles nest and lay their eggs in the droppings of cattle, and are found throughout America, Europe, Asia and Africa. An African species is the sacred scarabmi4 of Egypt (Atenchius racer).