EDUCATIONAL PERIODICALS. Pro fessional publications designed for the use of teachers first appeared in the early part of the 19th century. Their development has been closely associated with the organization and growth of educational associations. The pioneer educational magazine of America was the Academician, a small semi-weekly edited by Albert and John W. Picket and published by the Incorporated Society of Teachers of New York. The first number appeared 7 Feb. 1818. It published a series of articles on grammar and another series on mathematics; articles on Pestalozzi's methods and accounts of various institutions of learning. It continued for two years, the last number appearing on 29 Jan. 1820. The second in the field, The American Journal of Education, a monthly periodical edited by William Russell, W. C. Woodbridge and William A. Olcott, was begun in January 1826, and until 1838 exercised marked influence on the educational thought of the country. In the latter year, Horace Mann, then secretary of the Massachusetts State Board of Education, commenced the publication of the Common School Journal. As the mouthpiece of the great educational reformer this magazine did much to advance the teaching profession. It was discontinued in 1852. In the meantime several minor educational publications had sprung up in different States. Most of these exerted but a local and transitory influence. The most remarkable educational periodical ever pro duced in this country was Henry Barnard's American Journal of Education, which was started in 1855. This was more than a maga zine; it was rather a compendium of the edu cational thought of the day. It continued with
some irregularity until 32 volumes had been completed. The plates were preserved and the whole work was reprinted for library use. With the expansion of the teaching profession edu cational periodicals have multiplied until every department of education has its special journal. The best known of the current journals cover ing the general pedagogical field in America are The Educational Review, (1890), Education (1880), The School Review (1893), Journal of Education (1875), School Bulletin (1874), American Education (1897), Catholic Educa tional Review (1904). Among the magazines covering special phases of educational work the following have a prominent place: Administra tion —American School Board Journal (1863), Educational Administration and Supervision (1915) ; elementary — The Elementary School Journal (1900) ; Primary Education (1892), American Primary Teacher (1870), Normal In structor and Primary Plans (1891); psychology — The Journal of Educational Psychology (1910), The Pedagogical Seminary (1896), The Psychological Clinic (1906) ; physical edu cation — American Physical Education Review (1896) ; kindergarten — The Kindergarten Mag azine (1888), The Kindergarten and First Grade (1916). In addition to these there are many state and local educational periodicals of much merit. Consult Bardeen, C. W., The History of Educational Journalism in the State of New York' (Syracuse 1893) ; (Report of Commis sioner of Education, U. S. Bureau of Education, 1910' • Severance, H. 0., 'A Guide to the Cur rent Periodicals and Serials' (1914).